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Procent
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
Diagram 3. Industrins utveckling i Sverige, 1800-2007. Källor:
Edvinsson (2005), SCB och egna beräkningar.
Industrins andel av nominell BNP
Industrins andel av total sysselsättning
Antalet industrisysselsatta
1800 1814 1828 1842 1856 1870 1884 1898 1912 1926 1940 1954 1968 1982 1996
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
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Diagram 4. Produktions- och produktivitetstillväxt i svensk
industri, 1950-2007. Källa: BLS och egna beräkningar.
Produktivitetstillväxt
Produktionstillväxt
1950-2007 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-2007
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#..#P! #H$1A'1&! 7#&! :16! 6%C/61..#! 15'1&5&YF#6! C/6HA#'[! C16! /6F1'! 'V:1&! $Y! #''! HY! D&! 5#..1'! /!
&1#.#!'1&C1&B!34&A.#&/6F16!'/..!#E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F16!CYH'1!E#&#!16!#66#6B )2 !
!
H5H'N7

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H,001HH/E'!4A#B )( !I1''#!-1&%&!:%0A!/6'1!$Y!54&D6:&#:1!15'1&5&YF1C46H'1&[!,'#6!D&!1''!&1H,.'#'!
#E! 54&D6:&#:1! ,'-,:H54&7Y..#6:16B! 8E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F! A#6! HY.1:1H! ,$$H'Y! '&%'H! 16!
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!
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!
L1:#6! (SJ2! 7#&!

!!!
!
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$&%:,A'/E/'1'H,'E10A./6F16! ,'#6! DE16! #E! :16! '/..'#F#6:1! F.%-#./H1&/6F16! %07! :16! 4A#:1!
/C$%&'16!#E!/6H#'H$&%:,A'1&!W!D&!#''!:1HH!#6:1.!#E!&1#.!

!
0,5
0,45
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
Diagram 7. Andelar av BNP, 1980-2007. Källa: SCB, KI och egna
beräkningar.
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Industrins andel av real BNP Industrins andel av nominell BNP
Tjänstesektorns andel av real BNP Tjänstesektorns andel av nominell BNP
I16! EDO#6:1! HA/..6#:16! /! $&%:,A'/E/'1'H'/..EDO'! C1..#6! /6:,H'&/6! %07! '\D6H'1H1A'%&6! W! H%C!
,6:1&!:1!H16#H'1!(U!Y&16!7#&!4A#'!5&Y6!/!F16%CH6/''!([U!'/..!6D&C#&1!5V&#!$&%016'1671'1&!$1&!
Y&! W! /661-D&! %0AHY[! E/:! 16! F/E16! &1.#'/E! 15'1&5&YF16/EY[! #''! #E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F16! /!
HVHH1.HD''6/6FH'1&C1&!7#&!/6'16H/5/1&#'HB!?16!5#A',C!D&!#''!/6:,H'&/6H!'/..EDO'!H1:#6!(SS2!7#&!
E#&/'!,6F15D&!:,--1.'!HY!74F!$1&!Y&!H%C!/!'\D6H'1H1A'%&6B!I1''#!7#&!-/:&#F/'!'/..!#''!/6:,H'&/Q
HVHH1.HD''6/6F16H! #6:1.! #E! :16! '%'#.#! HVHH1.HD''6/6F16! /6'1! 7#&! 5#../'! C1&! D6! E#:! :16! 7#&!
F\%&'B!
!
9!#-H%.,'#!'1&C1&!7#&!/6:,H'&/6H!74F#!$&%:,A'/E/'1'H'/..EDO'!,6:1&!71.#!15'1&A&/FH'/:16!/661Q
-,&/'! #''! /6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F16! 7#&! C/6HA#'B! ?1:! 16! F16%CH6/''./F! Y&./F!
$&%:,A'/E/'1'H'/..EDO'!$Y!H1O!$&%016'!,6:1&!:1!H16#H'1!(U!Y&16!/661-D&!:1'!#''!15'1&5&YF#6!$Y!
/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&!CYH'1!7#!4A#'!CV0A1'!H6#--#&1!/!:#F!D6!,6:1&!(SR2Q!%07!J2Q'#.16!54&!#''!
/6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F16!/6'1!HA,..1!7#!5#../'B!X/E1'!#''!15'1&5&YF#6!/6'1!7#:1!$YE1&A#'H!NE/.A1'!
D&!74FH'!%H#66%./A'P!HA,..1!16!$&%:,A'/E/'1'H'/..EDO'!,6:1&!:1!H16#H'1!(U!Y&16!H%C!7#:1!.1F#'!
!
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!$#&/'1'!C1:!,'E10A./6F16!,6:1&!(SJ2Q'#.1'!7#!.1''!'/..!16!4A6/6F!#E!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F16!
C1:!)[UQ*!$&%016'!$1&!Y&B )T !!
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E#&54&!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F16!W!/!-Y:1!&1.#'/E#!%07!#-H%.,'#!'1&C1&!W!7#&!C/6HA#'!'&%'H!#''!
15'1&5&YF#6!$Y!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&!,6:1&!:1!H16#H'1!)U!Y&16!7#&!E,O/'!-1'V:./F'!H6#--#&1!D6!
%$-'*#::%$'>"%$&;0#"'
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/6! :1! /6H#'H$&%:,A'1&! H%C! '/:/F#&1! $&%:,01&#:1H! /6Q7%,H1B! M#0A! E#&1! :16! '1A6%.%F/HA#! ,'Q
E10A./6F16! %07! F.%-#./H1&/6F16! 7#&! 54&1'#F16! H'4&&1! C4\./F71'1&! D6! '/:/F#&1! #''! W! -Y:1!
6#'/%61..'!%07!F.%-#.'!W!4A#!H/6!H$10/#./H1&/6FHF&#:!%07!#''!H'V0A#!,$$!$&%:,A'/%6H$&%01HH16H!
%./A#!:1.#&B!96'1!C/6H'!54&!CY6F#!/6:,H'&/54&1'#F!FD..1&!:1''#!54&!'\D6H'1&!/!#..CD671'!%07!:1!
A,6HA#$H/6'16H/E#! %07! 54&1'#FH6D&#! '\D6H'1&6#! /! HV661&71'B! ^6! #66#6! #H$1A'! H%C! $1A#&! /!
H#CC#!&/A'6/6F!D&!#''!CY6F#!/6:,H'&/54&1'#F!/!:#F!/6A.,:1&#&!5.1&!'\D6H'1&!/!#&-1'1'!C1:!#''!
,'E10A.#[!$&%:,01&#[!HD.\#!%07!C#&A6#:H54&#!H/6#!$&%:,A'1&B )U !I1'!A#6!:Y!7#6:.#!%C!#..'!5&Y6!
3%a[! 9MQ'\D6H'1&[! &1A.#C! %07! 5/6#6H/1..! H1&E/01! '/..! .%F/H'/A[! &Y:F/E6/6F! %07! ,'-/.:6/6FB! ^6!
/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'! D&! #..'! C/6:&1! 16! k$&%:,A'k! %07! #..'! C1&! 16! -D&#&1! #E! ED&:1HA#$#6:1!
k'\D6H'1&kB!!
!
8E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F! /! :16! 7D&! -1CD&A1.H16! 7#6:.#&! :D&C1:! %C! H'#'/H'/HA#! %C5.V''6/6F#&! #E!
E1&AH#C71'1&!%07!#''!5.1&!'\D6H'1&!A&DEH!54&!#''!.1E1&1&#!16!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'[!H6#&#&1!D6!%C!
5D&&1! /6:,H'&/HVHH1.H#''#B )K ! ^6! -&1:#&1! :15/6/'/%6! #E! /6:,H'&/6! HA,..1! /6A.,:1&#! :1!
24 !8&/'C1'/A16!HDF1&!%0AHY!#''!:16!C/6HA#:1!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F16!,6:1&!(SR2Q!%07!J2Q'#.16!7#:1!E#&/'!
CV0A1'!C1&!%C5#''#6:1!%C!$&%:,A'/E/'1'H'/..EDO'16!,6:1&!:166#!$1&/%:!7#:1!6Y''!,$$!'/..!(SS2Q!%07!22Q'#.16H!
6/EY1&B!
25 !L1!'B1OB!d%CC1&HA%..1F/,C!N)2(2PB!
26 !9!:16!%55/0/1..#!H'#'/H'/A16!A.#HH/5/01&#H!54&1'#F!%07!#&-1'HH'D..16!15'1&!:1&#H!7,E,:H#A./F#!E1&AH#C71'B!I1''#!
/661-D&!#''!1''!54&1'#F!'/..74&!/6:,H'&/6!%C!:1HH!7,E,:H#A./F#!,$$F/5'!D&!#''!$&%:,01&#!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&B!
^551A'16!#E!:1''#!D&!#''!HCY!E1&AH#C71'H54&D6:&/6F#&!A#6!/661-D&#!#''!54&1'#F!%CA.#HH/5/01&#H!%07!:D&C1:!
A%CC1&!:1!#6H'D..:#!%0AHY!#''!'/..74&#!16!#66#6!-&#6H07B!Le

6H#'H$&%:,A'1&! H%C! A&DEH! 54&! #''! C4'#! H.,'./F! 15'1&5&YF#6! $Y! /6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&! %07! H%C! /!
6#'/%6#.&DA16HA#$1&6#!'/:/F#&1!'/..74&:1!/6:,H'&/6B!!
!
34&!#''!5Y6F#!/6!:1'!54&D6:&#:1!H#CH$1.1'!C1..#6!-&#6H071&!%07!:1!HVHH1.HD''6/6FH1551A'1&!
:1''#!-/:&#&!'/..!A#6!C#6!&1.#'1&#!$&%:,A'/%6HH#C-#6:16!W!

!
Multiplikator
1,4
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
Diagram 8. Industrin och dess samspel med tjänstesektorn,
1975-2005. Källa: SCBs IO-tabeller och egna beräkningar.
1975 1980 1985 1991 1995 2000 2005
Industrins sysselsättningsmultiplikator
Industrins sysselsättningsmultiplikator till tjänstesektorn
Antal sysselsatta i privat tjänstesektor av slutlig efterfrågan på industriprodukter
Total industrisysselsättning
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
86'#.1'!/6:,H'&/#6H'D..:#!7#&!/!:16!%55/0/1..#!H'#'/H'/A16!C/6HA#'!C1:!C1&!D6!TU2!222!H1:#6!
(SRU[! C16! /6:,H'&/6H! ,'4A#:1! H#CH$1.! C1:! 6D&/6FH./E1'! /! #..CD671'! %07! '\D6H'1H1A'%&6! /!
HV661&71'!7#&!/661-,&/'!#''!/!'1&C1&!#E!H.,'./F!15'1&5&YF#6!7#&!HVHH1.HD''6/6FH5#..1'!-1F&D6H#'H!
'/..! ,6F15D&! *22! 222! W! 5&Y6! (!)U2!222! '/..! SU2!222B )J ! 96:,H'&/6H! 54&:\,$#:1! /6'1F&#'/%6! A#6!
54&A.#&#!16!/6'1!%-1'V:./F!:1.!#E!#E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F16[!C16!:1'!'%'#.#!#6'#.1'!HVHH1.H#''#!H%C!
#&-1'#&!C1:!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'/%6!7#&!C/6HA#'!H1:#6!C/''16!#E!(SR2Q'#.1'B!!
!
c,&!H1&!:1'!,'!54&!$1&/%:16!5&Y6!(SSU!%07!5&#CY'h!86'#.1'!HVHH1.H#''#!H%C!#6'/6F16!:/&1A'!
1..1&!/6:/&1A'!#&-1'#&!C1:!#''!$&%:,01&#!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&!A#6!-1&DA6#H!F16%C!#''!H,CC1&#!
'&1!A#'1F%&/1&!#E!HVHH1.H#''#B!34&!:1'!54&H'#!7#&!E/!:1!H%C!D&!:/&1A'!HVHH1.H#''#!/!/6:,H'&/6!#E!
H.,'./F! 15'1&5&YF#6! $Y! /6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&B! 34&! :1'! #6:&#! 7#&! E/! :1! H%C! /! H#C'./F#!
,6:1&.1E1&#6'4&H.1:!D&!/6:/&1A'!HVHH1.H#''#!#E!H.,'./F!15'1&5&YF#6!$Y!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&!NDE16!/!
:16!1F6#!-&#6H0716PB!8EH.,'6/6FHE/H!7#&!E/!:1!H%C!/6:/&1A'!HVHH1.HD''H!/!/6:,H'&/6!#E!H.,'./F!
15'1&5&YF#6!$Y!4E&/F#!$&%:,A'1&!/!1A%6%C/6B )S !!
!
28
!Z%'1&#!#''!:1''#!'%'#.#!#6'#.!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.H#''#!/6'1!/6A.,:1&#&!:1!H%C!/6%C!/6:,H'&/6!#&-1'#&!C1:!#''!C4'#!
#6:&#!-&#6H071&H!H.,'./F#!15'1&5&YF#6B!
29
!L.,'./F!15'1&5&YF#6!$Y!'B1OB!\%&:-&,AH$&%:,A'1&!%07!9MQ'\D6H'1&!/661-D&!#''!:1HH#!-&#6H071&!CYH'1!A4$#!
/6H#'H1&!5&Y6!/6:,H'&/6!54&!#''!A,66#!'/..5&1:HH'D..#!:16!15'1&5&YF#6!:1!C4'1&B!
0
Antal sysselsatta
!
*U!

Antal sysselsatta
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
Diagram 9. Antal sysselsatta som arbetar med industriproduktion, 1995-2005.
Källa: SCBs IO-tabeller och egna beräkningar.
1995 2000 2005
Indirekt sysselsättning i industrin av slutlig efterfrågan i övriga branscher
Indirekt sysselsättning av slutlig efterfrågan på industriprodukter
Direkt sysselsättning av slutlig efterfrågan på industriprodukter
]C!:1HH#!'&1!A#'1F%&/1&!H,CC1&#H!5&#CFY&!:1'!#E!:/#F&#C!S!#''!#6'#.1'!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.H#''#!
7#&!E#&/'!HY!F%''!H%C!%54&D6:&#'!C1..#6!(SSU!%07!)22U!W!C/6HA6/6F16!,$$FY&!'/..!16:#H'!S!
)22!$1&H%61&B!I1'!F1&!16!$&%016',1..!54&D6:&/6F!%C!Q2[S!$&%016'B *2 !I1''#!HA#!:Y!\DC54&#H!
C1:!:16!%55/0/1..#!C/6HA6/6F16!#E!#6'#.1'!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.H#''#!H%C!,6:1&!H#CC#!$1&/%:!,$$Q
F/0A!'/..!6D&C#&1!'/%!$&%016'B!!
!
c,&!54&:1.#&!H/F!:166#!'%'#.#!/6:,H'&/HVHH1.HD''6/6F!C1..#6!/6:,H'&/6H!-&#6H071&h!L%C!5&#CQ
FY&! #E! :/#F&#C! (2! E#&! :1'! Y&! )22U! C#HA/6/6:,H'&/6! H%C! HVHH1.H#''1! 5.1H'! W! :&VF'! (UK!222B!
RR!222!#E!:1HH#!E#&!:/&1A'!HVHH1.H#''#!/!:16!1F6#!-&#6H0716!C1:!#''!C4'#!H.,'./F!15'1&5&YF#6[!
R*!222!HVHH1.H#''1H!/6:/&1A'!H%C!1''!&1H,.'#'!#E!#''!H.,'./F!15'1&5&YF#6!%07!:1HH,'%C!E#&!:1'!
K!222! H%C! HVHH1.H#''1H! /! -&#6H0716! #E! H.,'./F! 15'1&5&YF#6! /! #6:&#! -&#6H071&B *( ! MEY! #6:&#!
HVHH1.HD''6/6FHCDHH/F'! CV0A1'! -1'V:1.H15,..#! /6:,H'&/-&#6H071&! D&! C%'%&5%&:%6! N(T*!222P!
%07!./EHC1:1.!%07!:&V0A!N(*)!222PB!9!#6:&#!D6:16!#E!H$1A'&1'!5/661&!C#6!5V&#!-&#6H071&!H%C!
'%'#.'!HVHH1.HD''1&!5D&&1!D6!K!222!$1&H%61&!E#&:1&#B!
!!
30 !?1:!:166#!C1'%:!HVHH1.H#''1H!Y&!)22U!'%'#.'!(!2KJ!*J2!$1&H%61&!$Y!6YF%'!HD''!C1:!$&%:,A'/%6!#E!
/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&B!I1HH#!,'F\%&:1!:&VF'!)T!$&%016'!#E!#6'#.1'!HVHH1.H#''#!/!1A%6%C/6!W!16!C/6HA6/6F!C1:!'EY!
$&%016'1671'1&!H1:#6!(SSUB!
31 c4FH'!HVHH1.HD''6/6FHC,.'/$./A#'%&!7/''#&!C#6!/!C#HH#!%07!$#$$1&!N([SP[!'&DE#&%&!N([JP[!C%'%&5%&:%6!N([JP!H#C'!
./EHC1:1.!%07!:&V0A!N([JPB!!
!
*K!

!
Antal sysselsatta
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Diagram 10. Total industrisysselsättning fördelat över
industribranscherna, 2005. Källa: SCBs IO-tabeller och egna
beräkningar.
Slutlig efterfrågan i andra branscher
Indirekt sysselsättning
Direkt sysselsättning
Maskin
Motorfordon
Livsmedel och dryck
Massa och papper
Metallvaror exkl maskiner
Kemi
Trävaror
Stål och metall
Teleprodukter
Förlag och grafik
Annan elektroindustri
Precisionsinstrument
Möbel
Annan transport
Gummi och plast
Jord och sten
Textil
Stenkol och petroleum
Kontorsmaskiner och datorer
Beklädnad
Garveri, läder
?V0A1'!#E!5%&HA6/6F16!A&/6F!#E/6:,H'&/#./H1&/6F16!5%A,H1&#&!$Y!7,&!/6:,H'&/6H!H#CH$1.!C1:!
:16!A,6HA#$H/6'16H/E#!'\D6H'1H1A'%&6!H1&!,'!%07!7,&!:1'!7#&!,'E10A.#'H!4E1&!'/:B *) !L\D.EA.#&'!
D&!:1'!54&A6/$$#'!C1:!F&D6H:&#F6/6FH$&%-.1C!#''!:15/6/1&#!E#:!16!A,6HA#$H/6'16H/E!'\D6H'1Q
-&#6H07! D&[! C16! ,'/5&Y6! ^aQA%CC/HH/%616H! :15/6/'/%6! D&! :1'! 5&Y6! :/#F&#C! ((! 'V:./F'! #''!
#6'#.1'! HVHH1.H#''#! /! :1HH#! -&#6H071&! H%C! #&-1'#&! C1:! #''! C4'#! H.,'./F! 15'1&5&YF#6! $Y!
/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'1&! 7#&! 4A#'! H1:#6! C/''16! #E! (SS2Q'#.1'! W! 5&Y6! (*2!222! '/..! (RR!222B ** ! I1''#!
C%'HE#&#&! 16! 4A6/6F! C1:! C1&! D6! *U! $&%016'B! ^6! E/A'/F! 54&A.#&/6F! '/..! :1''#! D&! #''! #6'#.1'!
#6H'D..:#!H%C!#&-1'#&!C1:!/6:/&1A'!/6:,H'&/$&%:,A'/%6!/!54&1'#FH'\D6H'1-&#6H071&6#!7#&!4A#'!
5&Y6!:&VF'!J2!222!'/..!:&VF'!((U!222!,6:1&!H#CC#!$1&/%:B!!
!
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Antal sysselsatta
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120000
100000
80000
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20000
0
Diagram 11. Sysselsättning i kunskapsintensiv tjänstesektor och
företagstjänster av slutlig efterfrågan på industriprodukter, 1995-
2005. Källa: SCBs IO-tabeller och egna beräkningar.
Kunskapsintensiva tjänster
Företagstjänster
1995 2000 2005
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