Källor i Stockholms län - Inventering och underlag ... - Länsstyrelserna

Apart from the springs that were identified in the field survey, there were
about 20 areas in which no springs were found, despite previous reports of
their occurrence. There are a number of explanations for why these springs
had dried up: low groundwater levels at the time of the field survey; other
natural factors; and human activities, e.g. construction.
The chemical analyses showed that human activities that affect groundwater
also have an impact on the outflowing spring water. It is possible to identify
the effects of agriculture, road salt, construction and industries by analysing
the groundwater that flows from springs. In 13 of the 19 springs, the
chemical analyses showed that the water was affected by disturbance in the
drainage area. For instance, a high chloride level (148 mg/L) in a spring
close to a major road in the municipality of Södertälje indicated the impact
of road salt. The effects of animal husbandry and agriculture resulted in
elevated levels of nitrate in several springs on the island of Landsort in the
Baltic Sea and in the municipality of Norrtälje. It should also be possible to
follow up the impact of industrial activities on groundwater, as elevated
levels of cadmium, zinc and lead were found in springs on the island of
Landsort and in the municipality of Botkyrka.
The inventory thus identified a number of coldwater springs that could be
included in a future program to monitor the status of groundwater in
Stockholm County.
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