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6 Kemiska kontaminanter i livsmedel och dricksvatten Innehåll 1 Inledning.....................................................................................................................9 2 Kadmium och bly......................................................................................................11 2.1 Kadmium (Cd).............................................................................................12 2.2 Bly (Pb)........................................................................................................16 3 Kvicksilver (Hg)........................................................................................................20 4 Arsenik (As)..............................................................................................................25 5 Aluminium (Al).........................................................................................................28 6 Tenn (Sn)..................................................................................................................31 7 Dioxiner, furaner och polyklorerade bifenyler........................................................35 7.1 Dioxiner och furaner (PCDD/F)...................................................................35 7.2 Polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB)....................................................................39 8 Polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE)........................................................................43 9 Organiska tennföreningar.........................................................................................46 10 Perfluorerade alkylerade substanser (PFAS)............................................................51 11 Mögelgifter................................................................................................................53 11.1 Aflatoxiner B1, B2, G1, G2 och M1...........................................................55 11.2 Ochratoxin A (OTA)....................................................................................58 11.3 Deoxynivalenol (DON)..............................................................................62 11.4 Toxinerna T-2- och HT-2..............................................................................65 11.5 Zearalenon (ZEA).......................................................................................67 11.6 Fumonisiner................................................................................................70 11.7 Patulin........................................................................................................73 11.8 Övriga mykotoxiner....................................................................................75 12 Ergotalkaloider...........................................................................................................77 13 Nitrat..........................................................................................................................79 14 Glykoalkaloider..........................................................................................................84 15 Gyromitrin..................................................................................................................87 16 Polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH)..................................................................89 17 Akrylamid..................................................................................................................95 18 Furan..........................................................................................................................98 19 Biogena aminer........................................................................................................101 20 Heterocykliska aromatiska aminer (HAA)..............................................................105 21 3-Monoklor-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD)....................................................................107 22 Radioaktiva ämnen i livsmedel..............................................................................110 23 Radioaktiva ämnen i hushållsvattnet.....................................................................115 24 Gifter producerade av växtplankton dvs. fykotoxiner...........................................121 25 Främmande ämnen i hushållsvattnet....................................................................126 25.1 Biprodukter från vattenrening och desinfektion i vattenverk..............127 25.2 Ämnen som löses i vattnet från vattenledningsmaterial.....................130 25.3 Miljökontaminanter i dricksvattnet........................................................131
Kemiska kontaminanter i livsmedel och dricksvatten 26 Främmande ämnen i brunnsvatten........................................................................135 27 Främmande ämnen i förpackningsmaterial...........................................................141 27.1 Ftalater ...................................................................................................144 27.2 Bisfenol A................................................................................................146 27.3 BADGE (Bisfenol A diglysidyleter)..........................................................147 28 Växtskyddsmedel....................................................................................................148 7
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