Är det alltid rätt person som vinner? - DiVA

SUMMARY
Background and purpose
In the field of sports the results are of great importance. The results are
the essence in competitive sports, and success or failure can change
life overnight for elite athletes. Many times the difference between
winning and loosing can be very marginal, looking at the time or
points difference but still the result will have a big impact. To finish
second, even if it's an Olympic game, can be felt like a failure for the
athlete. Following citation shows an example of this through the
feelings of the rhythmical gymnast, Oksana Skaldina, during the 1992
Olympics:
Winning the bronze medal instead of the gold seemed like a catastrophe
to me, a collapse of all my hopes and planes. (Catalano, R. 1999).
In the light of this the quality of the measurements and the judgements
in sports are an extremely important issue. What does these results
really stand for? What is measured and judged and how good are those
measurements and judgements? From a scientific perspective, evaluation
of measurements is often determined by reliability and validity.
Reliability as the consistency, and stability in the measurement, and
validity as how relevant the measurement is. With the big importance
of the results in competitive sports today it’s both important and
interesting to look at the reliability and validity of the measurements
and judgements in sports. The reliability problem is often seen and
discussed in so called judging sports, sports where judges are deciding
the outcome of the competition. Reliability in judging sports means
that the different judges come up with exactly the same results independent
from the other judges. The reliability depends partly on the
ability of the judge to interpret the rules and, partly on the ability to
make correct judgements based on these rules. In sports, where
different judges are judging one performance, there are often rules for
how much the points from the different judges are allowed to differ,
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