NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn. Uppkomst, bildning, terminologi ...

42 Silvio Brendler
(c) The praxeological principle (bynaming after a/the socially significant
activity of the bynamed person) applies to bynames of occupation and bynames
of office.
(d) The ethological principle (bynaming after behaviour characterising
the bynamed person) applies to nicknames characterising the behaviour
(e.g. a habit, vice, virtue) of the bynamed person.
(e) The phenomenological principle (bynaming after [the perception of]
appearance) applies to bynames characterising the appearance (e.g. colour,
size, age, clothes) of the bynamed person.
(f) The horological principle (bynaming after a period or moment to
which the bynamed person is related in a special way) applies to bynames
after, e.g. the birthday, (in the case of foundlings) the day/time of discovery.
(2) description vs. byname,
(3) occasional vs. usual byname,
(4) non-hereditary vs. hereditary byname,
(5) production vs. reproduction of bynames,
(6) monogenesis vs. polygenesis of bynames,
(7) self-designation vs. designation by others (this is, e.g., about the attitude of
the byname giver to the bynamed person: affection, sympathy, neutrality, antipathy,
aversion, animosity).
Thirdly, aspects of byname use, including:
(1) referential, metareferential and hypostatical use of bynames, with
(a) referential use being found when bynames occur in normal use, i.e.,
when they refer to someone, e.g. von hayn in «der erliche man Er heinrich
von hayn Thumherre der kirchin ſente marian zcu Iſenach» [the honourable
man Sir Heinrich von Hayn, canon of St Mary’s church in Eisenach] (EU p.
279, ll. 21–23), agkirmans in «vom eyme hoffe heinrichs agkirmans des
ſmedis» [of a hide of Heinrich Agkirman the smith] (EU, p. 280, ll. 45–46),
ſlegels in «von eyme hoffe Cort ſlegels» [of a hide of Cort Slegel] (EU, p.
280, l. 49),
(b) metareferential use being found when the reference of bynames is being
established, i.e. when bynames are introduced by phrases that serve as
markers of metareferential use (underlined in the below examples) such as
called and (by)named. Bynames do not yet refer to anyone in metareferential
use, e.g. zcegenfleyß in «Cort vnd lodewig lipliche gebrudere genant
zcegenfleyß» ‘Cort and Lodewig brothers german called Zcegenfleyß’ (EU,
p. 279, ll. 11–12), Styrrer in «Heinrich genant Styrrer» ‘Heinrich called
Styrrer’ (EU, p. 279, ll. 14–15), müczhin in «Dithart geheißin müczhin»
‘Dithart named Müczhin’ (EU, p. 279, l. 18),
(c) hypostatical use being found when bynames occur in hypostasis. They
do not refer to anyone in this type of use, e.g. müczhin in «No definite interpretation
of the byname müczhin without more written evidence», Agkirman