NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn. Uppkomst, bildning, terminologi ...

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30 Bertie Neethling The derivative pattern above is clear. The Xhosa examples in 1 exhibit syllable retention usually of the first two syllables while the rest is dropped. The opposite takes place with the examples in 2: the retention of the last two syllables. The rest is dropped. (Xhosa has an open syllable structure, i.e. syllables end in vowels. The only exception is the syllabic ‘m’.) The English and Afrikaans examples exhibit a preference for a one-syllabled shortened form, particularly of the first type. This may seem unproblematic and even predictable. The most interesting observation regarding these examples, is the following pertaining to the Xhosa examples: Xhosa first names are usually without fail semantically transparent and hence ‘meaningful’, particularly also from a cultural point of view. Names are constructed via the lexicon of Xhosa and knowledge of the language leads one to a fairly easy interpretation of the name meaning. Xhosa people generally pride themselves on their names and often consider their Xhosa names as ‘superior’ to Western type names with no immediate and obvious meaning. The irony with the shortened forms is that there is invariably a ‘loss’ of meaning due to the shortening. The shortened forms now function pretty much as the Western name that is often considered as ‘meaningless’. It is also noticeable that gender name markers in female names, such as no-, is lost in the shortened forms. – A few examples : Luyanda : It (= family) is expanding Luya : no meaning Simcelile : We requested him (from a Supernatural Entity) Sim : no meaning Sandisiwe : We (family) have grown/been expanded Siwe : No meaning Vuyiseka : The one that made (us) happy Seka : No meaning The considerations that applied in the original namegiving process are no longer evident in the shortened forms, except perhaps in an indirect way via the base name. This, of course, links up with the well-known viewpoint that a name need not have current lexical value to function as a name. The pressure to shorten longer type names is so huge that this highly rated aspect of name giving among the Xhosa is sacrificed. In the similar examples from the Afrikaans and English speaking students this is not as evident, given the more ‘obscure’ etymology of their names. There is an exception though: Muslim students from this group usually have Arabic names also derived from the Arabic language with clear and discernable meaning. Just as with the Xhosa personal names, these names nearly without fail represent positive and pleasant attributes. The shortening of such names has the same effect of that of the Xhosa names : the essential meaning is lost or only a partial meaning is retained.
Zaitunisa : Olive Zaitun : No meaning Shameema : Fragrance Meema : No meaning Shahieda : Martyr, witness Hieda : No meaning Sameega : Jovial, companion Meega : No meaning Nafeesa : Precious, valuable Feesa : No meaning Bynames as an expression of identity 31 3. Affective diminuation (of first names) A very popular category for many languages is the case of what appears to be diminuation. With longer names it may lead to abbreviation or shortening, although the diminuation in many cases actually leads to a lengthening of the name. In both Afrikaans and English the common diminutive forms are characterised by -i, -(tj)ie, or -y. Examples: Bernita > Bernie Margaret > Maggie Janine > Janie Chanelle > Nelli Sophia > Sophie Esmeralda > Essie Samuel > Sammy Chine > Neitjie Lee-Ann > Lee-Antjie Monique > Nikki Liezel > Liezeltjie Lucinda > Cindy Candice > Candy Donovan > Donnie Enrico > Ricky Winifred > Winnie Heinrich > Heini Judith > Judy There are many examples of this kind and it is probably fair to say that it is a common category in many different languages (although the form of the diminutive suffix may obviously differ). What is interesting from a morphophonological point of view, is the reduplication of a consonant effected by the diminuation, as well as the different phonological representations for the same sound in the affective name e.g. the /q/ in Monique ([k]), is represented as /k/ in the diminutive form Nikki. The /c/ in Enrico ([k]), becomes /ck/ in Ricky ([k]). The case for Xhosa, however, is not clear. Xhosa has only one productive diminutive suffix, i.e. -ana. This suffix connects morphophonologically and in a regular way with the final vowel of nouns, e.g. umntu ‘a person, adult’ + -ana > umntwana ‘child’ isikolo ‘school’ + -ana > isikolwana ‘small school’ inja ‘dog’ + -ana > injana ‘small dog, puppy’
Page 1 and 2: NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn. Uppkomst
Page 3 and 4: NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn Uppkomst,
Page 5 and 6: Innehåll Förord . . . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Förord Institutet för språk och
Page 9 and 10: Binamn i Norden 9 Binamn i Norden E
Page 11 and 12: Binamn i Norden 11 Hur skall man se
Page 13 and 14: Binamn i Norden 13 Intressant nog k
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Page 17 and 18: Binamn i Norden 17 på kvinnor i Nj
Page 19 and 20: Binamn i Norden 19 Entzenberg, Sonj
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Nordiska personbinamnsordböcker oc
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Nokre personlege tilnamn i Sverreso
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Namn och språk i multietnisk milj
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Språk och namn i multietnisk milj
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Språk och namn i multietnisk milj
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Ortbinamn 179 Ortbinamn En diskussi
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Ortbinamn 181 stilistisk gradering
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Oppsummering 183 Oppsummering Av To
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Oppsummering 185 Ett av delemnene f
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Oppsummering 187 Deltagarlista Silv
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Oppsummering 189 Författarna Eva B
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Oppsummering 191 Förkortningar
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Oppsummering 193 NORNA-rapporter 1.
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Oppsummering 195 46. Nordisk namnfo
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Oppsummering 197 85. Namn och kultu
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