NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn. Uppkomst, bildning, terminologi ...

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28 Bertie Neethling In all these bestowed bynames, the name giver has identified an identity aspect, no matter how small and insignificant, that adds to the total makeup of the name carrier. It may then be a combination of positive and negative features. Felecan (2009) even suggests that nicknaming is, most of the time, a subversive act, and the name carrier is often oblivious of these nicknames. That might be so in certain cases, but one should also stress the fact that the name carrier is best situated to recall or know all the bynames used to refer to him/her. Hence the method of selfreporting questionnaires remains likely to be the best way of collecting information on bynames. It is equally important to realise that many of these bynames may not have a formal written (down) tradition, i.e. are only used in speech. As such, their representation or spelling remains arbitrary and entirely in the hands of the name carrier who reports on them. These representations as presented in the questionnaires have simply been accepted at face value. The users of these bynames may have preferred different spellings. Data on bynames The type of additional, byname or nickname represented in the questionnaires is of an astonishing variety, and it would probably be futile to attempt some sort of classification, no matter what criteria one applies as a yardstick. There is often no relationship or derivational connection whatsoever between any ‘formal’ given name and the additional name (see also Landman 1986). The circumstances giving rise to the formation and usage of such additional names, are so varied that it is extremely difficult to organise the data in a meaningful way. Although respondents were asked to elaborate on how and why these additional names were bestowed, many did not supply any meaningful explanation or detail, and one is left to one’s own conjecture. Many appear to be the ‘whim’ of an individual with no obvious strong motivation behind the choice. Many scholars have previously commented on the morphology of first names. De Stadler (1985:20) mentions that proper names are morphologically speaking ‘loose’ because so many are added daily to the onomasticon and the need for new creations is great. Van Langendonck also refers to the ‘arbitrary and instable character of its shape’ (1982:57). This ‘looseness’ or ‘arbitrariness’ is simply compounded in the bynames. De Klerk and Bosch (1997:95) argue that ‘Such names offer a rare example of people using language creatively in accordance with a logic that is not laid down from outside; they are a means of displaying linguistic licence, of breaking rules freely, and getting away with it.’ If one, however, starts off from a derivational and/or morphological viewpoint (internal), one can identify a specific typology. Some of these will now be highlighted. A common probably universal category is strongly represented in the data, and that is the so-called ‘shorter’ or abbreviated form of the formal given name. This appears to be common all across the world. Particularly longer first names in any language or culture group are subject to shortening, simply to facilitate
Bynames as an expression of identity 29 communication. The given names in the Bantu language groups found in South Africa, are often fairly long, because of the ‘meaningful’ aspect linked to them. A name in its ‘translated’ form, say in English, often represents a whole phrase. The agglutinative nature of these languages makes that possible. One should also mention the fact that some of these names also contain click sounds which pose a challenge as regards pronunciation. Respondents often remarked that the shortening of their names facilitates pronunciation particularly by others not part of that cultural group. Purely based on formal morphological features, one could distinguish a number of categories within this category. This ties in with Neethling’s earlier findings on this phenomenon amongst Xhosa speakers (see Neethling 1990: 11–34, and also 1994, 2005). English and Afrikaans speakers by and large share the same name characteristics. It appears as if Afrikaans (and English) speaking parents and family in the so-called Coloured grouping are strongly influenced by naming of American celebrities particularly in the entertainment world. Derivative types (Internal) 1. Abbreviated through syllable deletion (at end) Xhosa English/Afrikaans Luyanda > Luya Sandra > San Khayalethu > Khaya Cheriece > Cher Simcelile > Sim Melisha > Mel Bulungisa > Bulu Jarred > Jar Siyavuya > Siya William > Will Lindiwe > Lindi Natalie > Nat Siyabulela > Siya Megan > Meg Zanele > Zan Samantha > Sam Zimkhitha > Zim Patricia > Pat Sonwabile > Sonwa Timothy > Tim Mzikayise > Mzi Brandon > Bran Zukiswa > Zuki Ashley > Ash NomaJwarha > Noma Vivienne > Viv Ayanda > Aya Abigail > Abi Ntomboxolo > Ntombo Winsley > Wins Xhosa 2. Abbreviated through syllable deletion (at beginning) English/Afrikaans Sandisiwe > Siwe Ronichia > Nichia Phumeza > Meza Alecia > Lecia Noluthando > Thando Hermien > Mien Nolufefe > Fefe Verushka > Rushka Ntombizethu > Zethu Serena > Rena Vuyiseka > Seka Juanita > Nita
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Ortbinamn 179 Ortbinamn En diskussi
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Oppsummering 183 Oppsummering Av To
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NORNA-RAPPORTER 88 Binamn. Uppkomst, bildning, terminologi ...

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