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ANTIDEPRESIVELE ÎN ALERGOLOGIE<br />

F.D. Popescu 1 , I. Udriştoiu 2 , G. Bă<strong>de</strong>scu 2<br />

1 Catedra <strong>de</strong> Alergologie, U.M.F. “Carol Davila” Bucureşti; 2 U.M.F. Craiova<br />

Rezumat<br />

Proprietăţile antihistaminice şi anticolinergice ale medicamentelor anti<strong>de</strong>presive<br />

triciclice sunt utile în tratamentul unor afecţiuni cutanate alergice. Aceste efecte<br />

farmacologice adiţionale nu sunt legate <strong>de</strong> activitatea lor anti<strong>de</strong>presivă. Dozele zilnice<br />

în alergologie sunt <strong>de</strong> obicei mai mici <strong>de</strong>cât cele utilizate în tratamentul <strong>de</strong>presiei, iar<br />

efectele adverse şi interacţiunile medicamentoase farmacocinetice pot limita folosirea<br />

lor în famacoterapia bolilor cutanate pruriginoase. Doxepinul administrat oral a fost<br />

utilizat la pacienţi cu urticarie cronică idiopatică cu control suboptim la<br />

antihistaminice H1 convenţionale. Efectul său antihistaminic H1 este <strong>de</strong> 750 <strong>de</strong> ori mai<br />

mare <strong>de</strong>cât cel al difenhidraminei şi <strong>de</strong> 50 <strong>de</strong> ori mai mare <strong>de</strong>cât cel al hidroxizinului.<br />

Are <strong>de</strong> asemenea proprietăţi antimuscarinice, antiserotoninergice şi antiadrenergice,<br />

şi activitate inhibitorie asupra eliberării factorului activator plachetar. Tratamentul<br />

topic <strong>de</strong> scurtă durată cu doxepin poate fi utilizat în sindromul <strong>de</strong>rmatita/eczemă<br />

atopică şi <strong>de</strong>rmatita <strong>de</strong> contact alergică. Mirtazapina, anti<strong>de</strong>presiv tetraciclic, cu<br />

efecte antihistaminice H1 potente şi <strong>de</strong> antagonist al receptorilor 5HT2 şi 5HT3 este<br />

eficientă la pacienţii cu urticarie controlată <strong>de</strong>ficitar. Mai mult, <strong>de</strong>presia este corelată<br />

cu severitatea pruritului în urticaria cronică idiopatică şi <strong>de</strong>rmatita atopică.<br />

Cuvinte cheie: anti<strong>de</strong>presive, antihistaminice H1, urticarie, <strong>de</strong>rmatită, <strong>de</strong>presie.<br />

ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN ALLERGOLOGY<br />

Abstract<br />

Antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties <strong>of</strong> tricyclic anti<strong>de</strong>pressant drugs are<br />

useful in the treatment <strong>of</strong> some allergic cutaneous disor<strong>de</strong>rs. These additional<br />

pharmacological effects are not related to their anti<strong>de</strong>pressant activity. Daily doses<br />

in allergology are usually lower than those used for the treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>de</strong>pression, and<br />

adverse effects and pharmacokinetic drug interactions may limit their use in the<br />

pharmacotherapy <strong>of</strong> cutaneous pruritic diseases. Oral doxepin has been used in<br />

patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria poorly controlled by conventional H1antihistamines.<br />

Its H1-antihistaminic effect is 750 times greater than<br />

diphenhydramine and 50 times greater than hydroxyzine. It also possesses<br />

antimuscarinic, antiserotoninergic and antiadrenergic properties and inhibitory<br />

activity on the release <strong>of</strong> platelet-activating factor. Short-term topical doxepin<br />

treatment is may be used in atopic eczema/<strong>de</strong>rmatitis syndrome and allergic contact<br />

<strong>de</strong>rmatitis. Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic anti<strong>de</strong>pressant, with 5HT2- and 5HT3-receptor<br />

antagonist and potent H1-antihistamine effects is effective in patients with difficultto-treat<br />

urticaria. Furthermore, <strong>de</strong>pression is correlated with pruritus severity in<br />

chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic <strong>de</strong>rmatitis.<br />

Key words: anti<strong>de</strong>pressant, H1 antihistamines, urticaria, <strong>de</strong>rmatitis, <strong>de</strong>pression.<br />

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