Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground systems (Cont.): antenna efficiency (Cont.): saltwater, 693 soil conductivity, 692–694 flattop Â(T-Âantenna), 420, 422 ground losses, 692 soil characteristics, 692–694 lightning protection, 243, 415, 683–689 energy dissipation, 684–686 energy spectrum, 686 gas discharge tubes, 688 ground rods, 685–686 metal-Âoxide varistors (MOVs), 688 open-Âwire (OWL) transmission lines, 687, 689 peak currents and voltages, 684 radials, 685–686 series- vs. Âshunt-Âprotection devices, 688 single-Âpoint ground (SPG), 686–689 tower, 688 utilities, 686 power distribution, 683, 689–690 three-Âwire system, 689–690 station equipment, 683, 690–691 ground buss, 690–691 tuned ground wire, 255, 691 ground-Âmounted vertical antennas (See vertically polarized antennas) ground-Âplane antennas, 157, 233–237, 248, 415, 426–427, 433–434 5 ⁄8-wavelength, 157, 236–237, 246–247, 429–430 ground-Âplane vertical antennas (See vertically polarized antennas) ground reflection (and losses), 60–61, 328 ground reflection factors, charts of, 167, 169–171 ground rods, 685–686 ground wave, 27–38 ground-Âwave zone, 59 reflection coefficient (γ), 31 group velocity (V g ), 455–458 Grover’s equation, 345 guy anchors, 661–662, 671–673 guy wires, 660–663, 673–674, 676 H “hairpin” match, 285 half-Âdelta sloper (HDS), 214–215 half-Âpower (3 dB) points, 711 half-Âsloper antenna, 368–369, 371 half-Âsquare, 263–264 feedpoint impedance and matching, 261–262 half-Âwave antennas, 96–98 current distribution, 96–97, 106 electric vs. physical length of antenna, 104–106 impedance, 106–108 standing waves, 98–104 voltage distribution, 106 (See also dipole) half-Âwavelength line, 143 halo VHF/UHF antenna, 436 hardline, 112 harmonic, operation on, 204, 219, 418–419 harmonics, 218, 533, 540 HCJB radio station, 315, 328 Heaviside, Oliver, 45 height (antenna): vs. distance to horizon, 28–29, 31, 34–36 vs. ground reflection factor, 164–165, 167, 169–171 vs. radiation resistance, 178–181 helical antennas and arrays, 505–507 helical mobile whip, 380–381 helically wound antennas, 373 helical transmission line, 112 henry (H; unit of inductance), 83–84 hertz (Hz; unit of frequency), 715 Hertz, Heinrich, 3, 9, 11, 45, 91, 175 hertzian dipole, 92–96, 175 HFTA software, 78–79 hidden and Âlimited-Âspace antennas, 363–373, 703 antenna tuning unit (ATU), 366–367 dipole, 363–365, 370, 372–373 ground system, 368, 369 half-Âsloper, 368–369, 371 helically wound, 373 insulators and standoffs, 365 L-Âsection couplers, 366 longwire, 363 mobile whip Â(windowsill-Âmounted), 369–370, 372 mobile whip short dipole, 370, 372–373 noise-Âcanceling accessory, 366 nonresonant loop, 365–366 hinged baseplate tower, 675 historic and overlay districts, 701
752 I n d e x history of radio communications, 3–6 homeowners’ association, 703 Hopengarten, Fred, K1VR, 702, 704 horizon, distance to, 34–36 horizontal dipole (See dipole) horizontal polarization, 18–19, 248–249, 473 horn antenna radiators, 479 hula hoop antenna (See directional discontinuity ring radiator) Huygens-ÂFresnel wave theory, 24 I image antenna, 164–165, 311, 320 imaginary numbers, 724–726 imaginary operator (i; see j) impedance, 84, 140–141, 473 free-Âspace, 95 impedance bridges, 590–596 impedance matching, 138–147, 533–544 antenna tuners, 533–544 baluns, 139–140, 215 benefits, 533–534 complex conjugate, 142, 725–726 electrical vs. physical length, 139, 143, 146–147 L-Âsection network, 366, 535–537 pi network, 537–538 quarter-Âwave (“Q”) section, 143–145, 213 reactance cancellation, 534–535 reverse ÂL-Ânetwork, 536–537, 539 series section for, 145–147 split-Âcapacitor network, 538–539 stubs, 140–142, 579–582 T-Ânetwork, 539 toroidal transformers, 540–544 transmatch, 538–539 (See also specific antenna types) incident angle, 22–23, 47, 59–63 incident (or forward) current, 99 incident (or forward) power (P FWD ), 134 incident (or forward) voltage, 99 incident wave, 22–23, 93–96 inductance, 83–84 Grover’s equation, 345 induction field, 9, 14, 87–90 inductively loaded antennas (See Âcoil-Âloaded antennas) inductive reactance (X L ), 83–84 inductor, 83–84 installation and construction techniques (See supports; towers) insulators, 197, 220, 296, 337, 365, 406–408, 629–638, 642, 674 (See also spreaders) intensity of radio waves, 15–17 interference: adjacent-Âchannel, 156, 360 atmospheric (QRN), 331, 389 co-Âchannel, 156 destructive, 28, 32 electromagnetic (EMI), 337, 361, 366 intersystem, 477 man-Âmade (QRM), 266 interferometer antennas, 508–509 International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 4 Internet resources, 743–744 inverse square law (1/d 2 ), 14, 17, 471–472 inverted-ÂL antenna, 394–395, 415 1.8 MHz, 416–419 on its second harmonic, 418–419 inverted-Âvee dipole, 187–191, 394, 416 dimensions, 188–189 polarization, 189–191 radiation pattern, 189–191 ionization, 9, 22, 26, 45, 48, 52–53, 57, 75, 76 ionogram, 53 ionosonde, 54 ionosphere, 20–22 11- and 22-year cycles, 57 27-day cycle, 56 angle of incidence, 47, 59–63 critical angle (α r ), 47 critical frequency (f C ), 47, 70 dispersion, 67 diurnal variations, 56 frequency of optimum traffic (FOT), 55 layers, 21 lowest useable frequency (LUF), 55–56 seasonal variation, 56 take-Âoff angle (angle of incidence), 47, 59–63 virtual height, 47, 54 ionospheric disturbances, 57–58 ionospheric fading, 57–58, 67–68 (See also fading)
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 17 Emergency and Portable A
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C h a p t e r 1 7 : E m e r g e n c
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Antennas for Other Frequencies Part
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CHAPTER 18 Antennas for 160 Meters
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C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s
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CHAPTER 19 VHF and UHF Antennas The
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C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H
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CHAPTER 20 Microwave Waveguides and
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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λ o = c / f 8 3× 10 m / s = 9 C h
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 655
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 675
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 677
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 681
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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Page 726 and 727: Appendices
Page 728 and 729: APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
Page 730 and 731: A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
Page 748 and 749: Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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Page 760 and 761: B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
Page 766 and 767: Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
Page 768 and 769: I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
Page 770 and 771: I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
Page 774 and 775: I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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Page 778 and 779: I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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Page 784 and 785: I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
Page 786 and 787: I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
Page 788: I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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