Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a t h 723 vc (t ) C R vc (t ) switch closes at this time v (t ) c = V 0 e –t = 1 RC 0 time Figure A.5.1A Exponential discharge of a capacitor. If, alternatively, we had started with no initial voltage on the capacitor and subsequently connected it through a resistor R to a battery of voltage V 0 , the voltage V C (t) across the capacitor would be another exponential; this time, however, it would be This response is shown in Fig. A.5.1B. t V ( t) = V (1 − e −α ) (A.5.4) C 0 vc (t ) R v 0 C vc (t ) v 0 v (t ) c = v 0 ( 1 – e– t ) = 1 RC Figure A.5.1B Exponential charging of a capacitor. time
724 A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a t h A.6 Imaginary Numbers and the Complex Plane Suppose, in the process of solving a math problem, you had to find the square root of –1. What would you do? (Dropping math and enrolling in another field of study is not an option!) For most of us (and for purposes of this book), the only useful response is to say, “I live in the real world, and I have no idea what the square root of –1 is or even what it means, but I’m going to give it a shorthand notation so that I can easily work with it whenever it comes up. In fact, I’m going to call it j.” So j it is. That is, j = − 1 (A.6.1) In some older texts, i is used instead. (That sentence is one of the few known instances of when it is grammatically correct to say “I is . . .”) For clarity, let’s reverse the process and obtain the square of j: 2 j × j = j = − 1 × − 1 = − 1 (A.6.2) To simplify the design and analysis of electronic circuits, scientists and engineers invoke a graphical mathematical tool called the complex plane. Because it is a plane, every point on it can be defined in relation to its two orthogonal axes. In particular, we call the x axis the axis of real numbers and the y axis the axis of imaginary numbers. In common usage, we speak of the real axis and the imaginary axis. Thus, a number such as 3 or Â–7 or 6.14 or –5/8 lies at an appropriate spot on the x or real axis. A number such as +j or –2pj or jl/2 lies at a similarly appropriate point on the y or imaginary axis. But what about numbers that lie somewhere in the rest of the space, or plane, between the real and imaginary axes? Just like ordinary graphing techniques, we can represent them as having both an x value and a y value by writing them as (3,2) or (–p,6) or any other appropriate combination, where it’s understood that the second number is the imaginary component of the complex number being described. Another way we can format the presentation of complex numbers is as A + jB. Thus, (3,2) on the complex plane can be written as 3 + 2j, and (–p,6) can be written as –p + 6j. In general, this is the notation used throughout this book. When we add or subtract complex numbers, we add the real parts together and separately we add the imaginary parts together. Example A.6.1 What is the sum of (3 + 2j) and (–p + 6j)? Solution ( 3 + 2 j) + ( −π + 6 j) = (3 − π ) + j( 2 + 6 ) = (3 − π ) + 8j (A.6.3) When discussing antennas and other electronic circuits, we can’t get very far without dealing with inductances and capacitances, introduced in Chap. 3. There we ob-
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 17 Emergency and Portable A
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C h a p t e r 1 7 : E m e r g e n c
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Antennas for Other Frequencies Part
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CHAPTER 18 Antennas for 160 Meters
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C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s
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CHAPTER 19 VHF and UHF Antennas The
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C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H
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CHAPTER 20 Microwave Waveguides and
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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λ o = c / f 8 3× 10 m / s = 9 C h
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 655
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Page 704 and 705: CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
Page 706 and 707: C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
Page 720 and 721: CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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Page 726 and 727: Appendices
Page 728 and 729: APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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Page 750 and 751: A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
Page 760 and 761: B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
Page 766 and 767: Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
Page 768 and 769: I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
Page 770 and 771: I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
Page 772 and 773: I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
Page 774 and 775: I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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Page 778 and 779: I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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Page 784 and 785: I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
Page 786 and 787: I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
Page 788: I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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