Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586
C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R e s t r i c t i v e C o v e n a n t s , a n d N e i g h b o r s 703 likely to establish a legal precedent that will be useful in future litigation of antenna support cases. Private Sector Restraints In many parts of the United States it is becoming harder and harder to find “affordable” residential properties with enough land to put up a reasonable set of antennas for the high-Âfrequency bands. In many of those same areas, an increasing percentage of homes for sale are located in planned developments or other clusters of homes having what are collectively called restrictive covenants or CC&Rs (codes, covenants, and restrictions). These covenants, by whatever name, differ from the zoning ordinances of the previous section in that they are rules established totally within the private sector. Note If at all possible, avoid purchasing a home or a building lot that is burdened with restrictive covenants! If you believe there is a reasonable supply of properties suitable for you in the area you are interested in, you should advise any real estate agents you are working with that under no circumstances are they to waste your time (and theirs) by attempting to show you homes in CC&R developments. Furthermore, proponents of CC&Rs will be quick to remind you that nobody is holding a gun to your head; your purchase of a home is a classic case of an arm’s-Âlength contract freely entered into between “a willing buyer and a willing seller”. On rare occasion, the bylaws for a homeowners’ association associated with a development may allow for petitioning the association for specific, individual permission to do something generally prohibited. Whether the association directors or the membership as a whole would ever approve your request constitutes a real gamble, and your success will be highly dependent on such specifics as the topography of the development as a whole and your unit specifically, the personalities of the individuals in a position to decide, and your ability as a newcomer to present your case in a collaborative way. In general, the odds of success are extremely low. If all else fails, and economics or other compromises have led you to a towerless life in a development community, all is not lost. Chapter 15 (“Hidden and Limited-ÂSpace Antennas”) is written with you in mind! Final Thoughts Searching for a home is a complex process. Searching for a home that must also satisfy your antenna requirements is substantially harder. Ask the author—he knows! Here are a few suggestions for those readers who may be in the market for a new location: • At the very beginning of your search, establish the minimum lot area and dimensions you are willing to tolerate at the new location. Think about what kinds of terrain are acceptable to you. (If your primary interest is VHF, UHF, and/or microwave frequencies, life in a valley is probably not going to be very satisfying.) Recognize also that your interests and requirements may broaden or change with time.
704 P a r t V I I I : M e c h a n i c a l C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d I n s t a l l a t i o n T e c h n i q u e s • Do as much of your early searching as possible via the Internet. Insist on obtaining specific street addresses for properties of interest. (Real estate agencies in some areas of the country are stingy with that information until you have registered with them. Further, in many states, vacant land has no numerical street address so it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the exact location of vacant land without the help of the listing agent.) • Check the topography around each candidate property with the terrain feature (which often is active only for a limited range of mapping scales) or one of the Internet sites specializing in online topographic maps. • Purchase topographic maps for the area(s) you are considering. Most of these charts explicitly show utility transmission lines; some online topo map sites do not. • Establish a minimum distance from high-Âvoltage power lines that you are willing to tolerate. (One mile is a reasonably “safe” starting point.) • When you visit a property, check the electrical noise environment. If you have a mobile rig in your vehicle, great! If not, tune your AM radio to an empty frequency at the top end of the AM broadcast band (which is not far from the 160-Âm band). Also check into using the (AM) aircraft band of your handheld VHF receiver or transceiver. • If you have determined where the nearest utility overhead high-Âvoltage transmission lines are, drive toward them, listening to your AM radio as before. Get a sense of how noisy they are when you are right under them. (Keep in mind, however, that high-Âvoltage transmission lines that are “quiet” today may be quite noisy tomorrow when a different piece of heavy machinery somewhere along the line fires up.) • Use maps, Internet searches, and local residents to determine the location and runway lengths of the nearest airport(s). • Visit the local zoning office and meet the folks there. Be collaborative, not confrontational. Determine whether the property you are interested in is in a historical or conservation overlay district; if so, your future with antennas may be fraught with disappointment. Confirm that the most up-Âto-Âdate version of the local zoning ordinance is on the Internet; if not, buy a printed copy and register to receive notice of any future updates. Ask what the procedure is, if any, for obtaining a building permit to put up “residential antenna support structures” (not “towers”). For Additional Reading Antenna Zoning Book—Professional Edition: Cellular, TV, and Wireless Internet, Fred Hopengarten, www.antennazoning.com. Antenna Zoning for the Radio Amateur, Fred Hopengarten, K1VR. www .antennazoning.com. (Also available from ARRL, Newington, CT 06111.)
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R e s t r i c t i v e C o v e n a n t s , a n d N e i g h b o r s 703<br />
likely to establish a legal precedent that will be useful in future litigation of antenna<br />
support cases.<br />
Private Sector Restraints<br />
In many parts of the United States it is becoming harder and harder to find “affordable”<br />
residential properties with enough land to put up a reasonable set of antennas for the<br />
high-Âfrequency bands. In many of those same areas, an increasing percentage of homes<br />
for sale are located in planned developments or other clusters of homes having what are<br />
collectively called restrictive covenants or CC&Rs (codes, covenants, and restrictions).<br />
These covenants, by whatever name, differ from the zoning ordinances of the previous<br />
section in that they are rules established totally within the private sector.<br />
Note If at all possible, avoid purchasing a home or a building lot that is burdened with restrictive<br />
covenants!<br />
If you believe there is a reasonable supply of properties suitable for you in the area<br />
you are interested in, you should advise any real estate agents you are working with<br />
that under no circumstances are they to waste your time (and theirs) by attempting to<br />
show you homes in CC&R developments. Furthermore, proponents of CC&Rs will be<br />
quick to remind you that nobody is holding a gun to your head; your purchase of a<br />
home is a classic case of an arm’s-Âlength contract freely entered into between “a willing<br />
buyer and a willing seller”.<br />
On rare occasion, the bylaws for a homeowners’ association associated with a development<br />
may allow for petitioning the association for specific, individual permission<br />
to do something generally prohibited. Whether the association directors or the membership<br />
as a whole would ever approve your request constitutes a real gamble, and<br />
your success will be highly dependent on such specifics as the topography of the development<br />
as a whole and your unit specifically, the personalities of the individuals in a<br />
position to decide, and your ability as a newcomer to present your case in a collaborative<br />
way. In general, the odds of success are extremely low.<br />
If all else fails, and economics or other compromises have led you to a towerless life<br />
in a development community, all is not lost. Chapter 15 (“Hidden and Limited-ÂSpace<br />
<strong>Antenna</strong>s”) is written with you in mind!<br />
Final Thoughts<br />
Searching for a home is a complex process. Searching for a home that must also satisfy<br />
your antenna requirements is substantially harder. Ask the author—he knows! Here are<br />
a few suggestions for those readers who may be in the market for a new location:<br />
• At the very beginning of your search, establish the minimum lot area and dimensions<br />
you are willing to tolerate at the new location. Think about what<br />
kinds of terrain are acceptable to you. (If your primary interest is VHF, UHF,<br />
and/or microwave frequencies, life in a valley is probably not going to be very<br />
satisfying.) Recognize also that your interests and requirements may broaden<br />
or change with time.