Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586
C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a n d T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g 599 Figure 27.7 Dip meter. Radiator Base insulator Dip meter circuit resonant frequency. This energy loss shows up on the meter pointer as a slight “dipping” action. The dip is extremely sharp and is easily missed if the meter frequency dial is tuned too rapidly. When using a dip meter to check lumped-Âcomponent tank circuits, maximum coupling is usually obtained by orienting the coil of the meter the same as the coil of the circuit. Figure 27.8A shows one way to couple the dip oscillator to a vertical antenna radiator. The coil of the dipper is brought into close proximity to the base of the radiator. Figure 27.8B shows the means for coupling the dip oscillator to systems where the antenna is not easily accessed directly (as when the antenna is at the top of a mast). A small two-Â or three-Âturn loop can be connected across the transmitter end of the transmission line, and the coil of the dipper brought close to it. Dip meters absolutely shine at checking individual traps from multiband Yagi antennas or trap dipoles. A search of the antenna manufacturer’s Web site is likely to unearth a service bulletin describing the procedure to be followed for each company’s products. The service bulletin dip meter procedure is especially helpful with traps for certain Cushcraft an- Mount Figure 27.8A Direct coupling the dip meter to antenna.
600 P a r t V I I : T u n i n g , T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g , a n d D e s i g n A i d Dip meter coil 2–3 turn loop Coax to antenna 2–3 turn loop For antennas with coax connector at feedpoint Figure 27.8B Coupling the dip meter to coaxial cable. tennas, since weathered traps often lack any positive identification of which end should point toward the boom and whether they’re tuned for use in a reflector, director, or driven element. There are three problems with dip meters that must be recognized in order to best use the instrument: • The dip is very sharp, and it is easy to tune past it without even seeing it. • The meter reading tends to drop off gradually from one end of the tuning range to the other, so it’s important to tune the meter slowly to avoid confusing the drop-Âoff with an actual resonant circuit dip. • Frequency readout on affordable meters is not particularly accurate. Dial calibration and frequency interpolation are “coarse” at best, and can lead to erroneous conclusions—especially when working with traps, since the resonant frequencies of traps for the various elements in some Yagis are close together. A “tolerable” work-Âaround is to confirm the exact frequency of the dip meter with a calibrated monitor receiver immediately after conducting each measurement. Field Strength Meters A field strength meter (FSM) is an instrument that measures the radiated field from an antenna. Commercial engineering-Âgrade instruments are calibrated in terms of either watts per square centimeter or volts per meter, and are used for precise measurements such as those required for broadcast station proof-Âof-Âperformance tests. For adjusting antennas, however, a considerably simpler instrument is sufficient. This section describes
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a n d T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g 599<br />
Figure 27.7 Dip meter.<br />
Radiator<br />
Base<br />
insulator<br />
Dip meter<br />
circuit resonant frequency. This energy loss shows up on the meter pointer as a slight<br />
“dipping” action. The dip is extremely sharp and is easily missed if the meter frequency<br />
dial is tuned too rapidly.<br />
When using a dip meter to check lumped-Âcomponent tank circuits, maximum coupling<br />
is usually obtained by orienting the coil of the meter the same as the coil of the<br />
circuit. Figure 27.8A shows one way to couple the dip oscillator to a vertical antenna<br />
radiator. The coil of the dipper is brought into close proximity to the base of the radiator.<br />
Figure 27.8B shows the means for coupling the dip oscillator to systems where the<br />
antenna is not easily accessed directly<br />
(as when the antenna is at the top of a<br />
mast). A small two-Â or three-Âturn loop<br />
can be connected across the transmitter<br />
end of the transmission line, and<br />
the coil of the dipper brought close<br />
to it.<br />
Dip meters absolutely shine at<br />
checking individual traps from multiband<br />
Yagi antennas or trap dipoles.<br />
A search of the antenna manufacturer’s<br />
Web site is likely to unearth a service<br />
bulletin describing the procedure<br />
to be followed for each company’s<br />
products. The service bulletin dip<br />
meter procedure is especially helpful<br />
with traps for certain Cushcraft an-<br />
Mount<br />
Figure 27.8A Direct coupling the dip<br />
meter to antenna.