Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.250 Y ' 0.37 j0.22 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 0.461 Y ' 0 j1.1 0.368 Figure 26.9 Smith chart for Example 26.3 (stub matching). (Courtesy of Kay Elementrics) 581
582 P a r t V I I : T u n i n g , T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g , a n d D e s i g n A i d Next we extend the Z′ → Y′ diameter we initially drew to the outer circle; its path is from the chart center through the admittance point 0.37 – j0.22 to where the outer ring is marked 0.461l. This corresponds to determining the position of the load relative to the same arbitrary reference point on the outer circle at the left edge of the chart. Now we have two lines intersecting the outer circle at the points 0.165l and 0.461l, respectively, but they lie on opposite sides of the reference point of 0l. The shorter distance between those two points on the circle is the sum of 0.165l and 0.039l, or 0.204l. (0.039l is 0.500l minus 0.461l.) Thus, L1 = 0.204λ The final step is to determine the length of the stub required. This is done by finding two additional points on the Smith chart. First, locate the point where admittance is infinite (far right side of the pure conductance line, where G′ = ∞); this corresponds to the short-Âcircuited far end of the stub. Second, locate the point where the admittance is 0 – j1.1, which is the pure susceptance we need to place in parallel with the susceptance of the transformed load to perfectly cancel out the latter. (Note that the susceptance portion is the same as that found where the unit conductance circle crossed the VSWR circle.) Because the conductance component of this new point is 0, the point will lie on the –j1.1 circle at the intersection with the outer circle. Now draw lines from the center of the chart through each of these points to the outer circle. These lines intersect the outer circle at 0.368 and 0.250l. The length of the stub is found from the shorter distance between them: L 2 = (0.368 – 0.250) l = 0.118l Summary: Using nothing but the Smith chart we have matched a load of impedance Z L = 100 + j60 to a 50-ÂW line by attaching a shorted stub of length 0.118l to the transmission line a distance 0.204l back from the load. Incorporating Loss Thus far, we have dealt with situations in which loss is either zero (i.e., ideal transmission lines) or so small as to be negligible. In the presence of appreciable loss in the circuit or transmission line, however, the VSWR circle is actually a spiral. Let’s look at one such case. Figure 26.10 summarizes a typical situation directly on the Smith chart. Assume a lossy transmission line 0.60l long, connected to a normalized load impedance of Z′ L = 1.2 + j1.2. First, an “ideal” (i.e., lossless) VSWR circle is constructed on the impedance radius represented by 1.2 + j1.2. Next, a line (A) is dropped perpendicularly from the righthand point where this circle intersects the pure resistance baseline (B) to the “ATTEN, 1 dB/ MAJ. DIV.” line on the radially scaled parameters. A distance representing a total line loss (3 dB) is stepped off on this scale back toward the center. A second perpendicular line (C) is drawn, from the new 3-ÂdB mark back up to the pure resistance line (D). The distance from the center of the Smith chart to point D, where line C intersects the pure resistance line becomes the radius for a new circle that contains the actual
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 17 Emergency and Portable A
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C h a p t e r 1 7 : E m e r g e n c
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Antennas for Other Frequencies Part
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CHAPTER 18 Antennas for 160 Meters
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C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s
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CHAPTER 19 VHF and UHF Antennas The
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C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H
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CHAPTER 20 Microwave Waveguides and
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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λ o = c / f 8 3× 10 m / s = 9 C h
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Page 551 and 552: Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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Page 580 and 581: CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
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Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
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B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
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Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
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I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
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I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
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I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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I n d e x 755 maximum effective len
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I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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I n d e x 759 reactance: cancellati
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I n d e x 761 standing waves: on an
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I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
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I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
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I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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