Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Part I Background and History 1 Introduction to Radio Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Part II Fundamentals 2 Radio-Wave Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Radio Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Electromagnetic Wave: A Brief Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Isotropic Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Earth’s Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 EM Wave Propagation Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Propagation Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Ionospheric Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Propagation Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 The Magic of Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3 Antenna Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Circuit Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 The Hertzian Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 The Half-Wave Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Standing Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Velocity of Propagation and Antenna Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Antenna Resistance and Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Half-Wave Dipole Feedpoint Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4 Transmission Lines and Impedance Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Types of Transmission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Transmission Line Characteristic Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Other Transmission Line Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Transmission Line Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Standing Wave Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Impedance Matching in Antenna Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 5 Antenna Arrays and Array Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 All-Driven Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Parasitic Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Ground Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 v
vi P r a c t i c a l A n t e n n a H a n d b o o k Part III High-Frequency Building-Block Antennas 6 Dipoles and Doublets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 The Dipole Feedpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 The Dipole Radiation Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Tuning the Dipole Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Other Dipoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 l/2 Large Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 1l Large Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 2l Bisquare Loop Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Near-Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 8 Multiband and Tunable Wire Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Multiband Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Tuned Feeder Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Longwire Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Off-Center-Fed Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 9 Vertically Polarized Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Vertical Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Grounded Vertical Monopole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Elevated Ground-Plane Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Vertical versus Horizontal Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Supporting the Vertical Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Part IV Directional High-Frequency Antenna Arrays 10 Wire Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Longwire Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Arrays of Longwires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Bobtail Curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Half-Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 20-m ZL-Special Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 11 Vertical Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Directivity and Phasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Two-Element Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 360-Degree Directional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Four-Square Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Receive-Only Vertical Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Page 2 and 3: Practical Antenna Handbook
Page 4 and 5: Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
Page 8 and 9: C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
Page 10 and 11: C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
Page 12 and 13: Preface My paternal grandfather was
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Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgments As with other field
Page 18 and 19: Background and History Part I Chapt
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
Page 22 and 23: C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
Page 24 and 25: Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 17 Emergency and Portable A
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C h a p t e r 1 7 : E m e r g e n c
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Antennas for Other Frequencies Part
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CHAPTER 18 Antennas for 160 Meters
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C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s
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CHAPTER 19 VHF and UHF Antennas The
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C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H
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CHAPTER 20 Microwave Waveguides and
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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λ o = c / f 8 3× 10 m / s = 9 C h
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 655
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 657
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 667
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
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Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
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B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
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Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
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I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
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I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
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I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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I n d e x 755 maximum effective len
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I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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I n d e x 759 reactance: cancellati
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I n d e x 761 standing waves: on an
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I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
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I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
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I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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