Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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440 P a r t V I : A n t e n n a s f o r O t h e r F r e q u e n c i e s /2 /4-RG-59/U /2 /4-RG-58/U Matching section RG-59/U Main transmission line Figure 19.11 Stacking VHF antennas. VHF/UHF <strong>Antenna</strong> Impedance Matching VHF/UHF antennas are no different from their HF brethren in their need for impedance matching to the feedline. However, some methods (coax baluns, delta match, etc.) are easier at the higher frequencies, while others become difficult or impossible. An example of the latter case is the tuned LC impedance-matching network. At 6 m, and even to some extent at 2 m, lumped-component LC networks can be used. But at 2 m
C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H F A n t e n n a s 441 and above, other methods are often easier to implement. For example, we can replace the LC tuner with stripline tank circuits. The balun transformer provides an impedance transformation between balanced and unbalanced circuit configurations. Although both 1:1 and 4:1 impedance ratios are possible, the 4:1 ratio is most commonly used for VHF/UHF antenna work. At lower frequencies it is easy to build broadband transformer baluns, but these become more of a problem at VHF and above. Figure 19.6 is a 4:1 impedance ratio coaxial balun often used on VHF/UHF frequencies. Two sections of identical coaxial cable are needed. One section (A) can be any convenient length needed to reach from the antenna to the transmitter. Its characteristic impedance is Z 0 . The other section (B) is cut to be a half-wavelength long at the center of the frequency range of interest. The physical length is found from vF L(inches) = 5904 (19.9) F(MHz) where L = cable length, in inches F = operating frequency, in megahertz v F = velocity factor of coaxial cable The velocity factors of common coaxial cables are shown in Table 19.1. Regular polyethylene 0.66 Polyethylene foam 0.80 Teflon 0.72 Table 19.1 Coaxial Cable Velocity Factors Hard line velocity factors typically lie in the 0.8 to 0.9 range, but it is wise to check the manufacturer’s specifications for the exact number. Alternatively, a better approach for either coaxial cable or hard line is to measure the velocity factor of the specific piece of cable you intend to use. See Chap. 27 (“Instruments for Testing and Troubleshooting”) for more information. Example 19.1 Calculate the physical length required of a 146-MHz 4:1 balun made of polyethylene foam coaxial cable. Solution L = 5904 F v FF = (5904)(0.08) 146 = 4723.2 =32.4in 146
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 655
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 659
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 667
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
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Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
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B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
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Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
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I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
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I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
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I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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I n d e x 755 maximum effective len
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I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
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I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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