Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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420 p a r t V I : a n t e n n a s f o r O t h e r F r e q u e n c i e s L 1 h 8 ATU To XMTR radial field Figure 18.7 Flat-top or T antenna. L 1 4 4 246 F(MHz)
C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s f o r 1 6 0 M e t e r s 421 top thus reduces high-angle radiation on both 160 and 80 m. The radial system can be the same as that for the inverted-L. In the early days of AM broadcasting, many stations in the United States and elsewhere successfully employed the T antenna as a way of putting most of their radiated signal into the groundwave; only in time did the T come to be supplanted by the purely vertical monopole. The downside to the flat-top is that it requires twice as much span for the horizontal wires than the inverted-L does. However, if total available space in the long dimension is an issue, the two sides of the flat-top portion of the T can be bent or run in zigzag fashion. To minimize high-angle radiation, such bending should be applied to both sections of wire as symmetrically as possible, but don’t lose sleep over it. 80-Meter Dipole on 160 Although not optimum, an 80-m dipole can be used on 160 m with some success. In fact, there are two different ways to do this. The first approach requires an ATU capable of tuning out a wide range of reactance on 160 m. Assuming you have such a unit, simply match your antenna to your transmitter (presumably designed to match 50 Ω) on 160 m by tuning the ATU for minimum SWR at the chosen 160-m operating frequency. Even though the dipole is too short to fully expose the high-current portions of the natural radiating standing wave, there’s enough total wire length to get signal out of the feedline and on its way. There are two disadvantages to this scheme: • A suitable wide-range ATU typically costs more than most units commonly seen in use, and may be harder to locate. The old Dentron Super Super Tuner (no longer manufactured) is one that can match short antennas on 160, but not without some internal losses. • The antenna feedpoint impedance is highly reactive and a terrible match to any available transmission line. Consequently, the line will experience very high standing waves with concomitant voltage and current peaks and increased I 2 R losses that are characteristic of high SWR. Open-wire line is probably the best feedline for this application because it has less added loss in the presence of high SWR than coaxial cable or twin-lead does, and it is less likely to break down because of the high voltages encountered. On the other hand, if you’re running only a few hundred watts or less, just about any RG-8 or equivalent cable should be able to handle the voltages. Another approach is to use your existing 80-m dipole and its feedline as a pseudoflat-top or T-antenna on 160. This is particularly attractive if you have a “reasonable” feedline length (say, more than 60 ft) and if the center of your dipole is substantially higher than your radio room. If so, it’s clear that your feedline goes not only horizontally (to get from indoors to outdoors) but up as well. In other words, there’s a vertical component to the feedline path that can serve as the vertical section of a “poor man’s” inverted-L. In this case, simply disconnect the transmitter end of the feedline from its normal connection, tie the bare ends of the two feedline conductors together, and reconnect the joined ends to the hot (center) terminal of the SO-239 coaxial socket on your ATU or transceiver (Fig. 18.8). Tune the ATU for minimum SWR, but it shouldn’t be excessive
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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CHAPTER 7 Large Wire Loop Antennas
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C h a p t e r 7 : L a r g e W i r e
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CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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C h a p t e r 8 : M u l t i b a n d
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CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized Ante
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C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
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Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
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Directional High-Frequency Antenna
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CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e A r r a
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Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
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CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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C h a p t e r 1 1 : V e r t i c a l
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CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
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Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
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B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
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Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
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I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
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I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
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I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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I n d e x 755 maximum effective len
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I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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I n d e x 759 reactance: cancellati
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I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
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I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
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I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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