Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586
324 P a r t I V : D i r e c t i o n a l H i g h - F r e q u e n c y A n t e n n a A r r a y s Driven element Reflector S Tuning stub Figure 13.6 Quad beam antenna. 0.11 S 0.22 One method for constructing a single-band, two-element quad is shown in Fig. 13.7. This particular scheme uses a 12- × 12-in wooden plate at the center, bamboo (or fiberglass) spreaders, and a wooden (or metal) boom. The construction must be heavy-duty in order to survive wind loads. A better solution might be to buy a quad kit consisting of spreaders and spider for either a two- or a three-element quad. With most kits, more than one band can be installed on a single set of spreaders. The size of the spreaders is set by the lowest band of operation, so higher-frequency bands can be accommodated with shorter loops on the same set of spreaders. And while the use of a spider allows element spacing proportional to wavelength on multiple bands, there is no shortage of two-, three-, four-, and five-element quads that forsake proportional spacing and simply nest concentric loops for three, four, and five bands on spreaders that are perfectly vertical. Thus, there is no reason the construction technique of Fig. 13.7 can’t be used to support loops for multiple bands as long as it is understood that VSWR bandwidth and the variation of other key performance parameters such as forward gain, F/B and F/S ratios across the operating band will be different on every band.
C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q u a d s a n d D e l t a L o o p s 325 Boom Mast Figure 13.7 Single-band two-element quad on a boom. Delta Loop At frequencies below 14 MHz, spreaders and supports for fixed or rotatable multielement quads become impractical for most amateurs. For some, the fixed delta loop is a practical form of multielement parasitic array for the 30-, 40-, and 80-m bands. The delta loop is a triangular or three-sided 1l loop. Although the ideal configuration for a delta loop is with the horizontal side of the triangle at the top, this is usually practical only at VHF. Instead, turning the loop upside down allows it to be suspended from a single high support in return for a slight reduction in performance. Rope or wire catenaries between tall trees are a popular way of supporting the delta loop, but a twoelement 40-m delta loop can be suspended from the ends of a 20-ft aluminum boom attached near the top of a tower that is 70 ft or more tall. The approach has also been
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q u a d s a n d D e l t a L o o p s 325<br />
Boom<br />
Mast<br />
Figure 13.7 Single-band two-element quad on a boom.<br />
Delta Loop<br />
At frequencies below 14 MHz, spreaders and supports for fixed or rotatable multielement<br />
quads become impractical for most amateurs. For some, the fixed delta loop is a<br />
practical form of multielement parasitic array for the 30-, 40-, and 80-m bands.<br />
The delta loop is a triangular or three-sided 1l loop. Although the ideal configuration<br />
for a delta loop is with the horizontal side of the triangle at the top, this is usually<br />
practical only at VHF. Instead, turning the loop upside down allows it to be suspended<br />
from a single high support in return for a slight reduction in performance. Rope or wire<br />
catenaries between tall trees are a popular way of supporting the delta loop, but a twoelement<br />
40-m delta loop can be suspended from the ends of a 20-ft aluminum boom<br />
attached near the top of a tower that is 70 ft or more tall. The approach has also been