Practical_Antenna_Handbook_0071639586

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228 P a r t I I I : H i g h - F r e q u e n c y B u i l d i n g - B l o c k A n t e n n a s ing large amounts of reactance will be required for at least some of the HF amateur bands available nowadays. An alternative to the single-conductor feedline Windom is shown in Fig. 8.7B. In this antenna a 4:1 balun transformer is placed at the feedpoint, and this in turn is connected to 75-Ω coaxial transmission line to the transmitter. A transmatch, or similar antenna tuner, may also be needed, presumably located at the transmitter end of the transmission line.
CHAPTER 9 Vertically Polarized <strong>Antenna</strong>s In previous chapters, we defined the polarization of an antenna as being the same as the orientation of the electrical (E) field for the antenna. The direction of the electric field for a specific antenna design is a function of the geometry of the radiating element(s). For a complex structure with different portions creating E-fields having different orientations and phasing, the “effective” E-field is the vector sum of all the individual E-fields and may not even be stationary. However, for the simple case of an antenna (or radiating element) consisting of a single wire or thin rod oriented vertically, the E-field points in the same direction as the long dimension of the antenna, so the antenna polarization is also vertical, by definition. But what do we mean by “vertical”? In free space, just as an astronaut freely floating outside the space shuttle has no particular up or down or sideways reference, a wire in free space is neither vertical nor horizontal nor anything in between. In fact, the words “vertical” and “horizontal” have meaning for antennas only in respect to some reference plane possessing some amount of electrical conductivity. For most of us, there are only a few such reference planes that we will ever be concerned with: • The earth’s surface (for most land-based or fixed-station antennas) • The roof or trunk of an automobile (for most mobile antennas) • The skin of a satellite (for most satellite-mounted antennas) • The roof of a tall building (for a city dweller’s antennas) We define the polarization of the antenna primarily because many antenna characteristics (radiation pattern and input impedance, to name just two) are greatly affected by any metallic or conducting bodies in close proximity to it. All of the surfaces listed here are conductors to one degree or another, so the orientation and proximity of the antenna relative to any of these surfaces are potentially critical to the proper functioning of the antenna. Throughout this book, we will assume—unless otherwise stated—that we are always talking about antenna orientations relative to the earth below, with the assumption that our globe is perfectly spherical. In other words, “up”, “down”, and “vertical” all coincide with the direction of gravity’s pull directly beneath the antenna. “Horizontal” will be, by definition, 90 degrees away, parallel to the surface of the earth. 229
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Practical Antenna Handbook
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Practical Antenna Handbook Joseph J
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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C o n t e n t s vii 12 The Yagi-Uda
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C o n t e n t s ix Switched-Pattern
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Preface My paternal grandfather was
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P r e f a c e xiii this book repres
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Acknowledgments As with other field
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Background and History Part I Chapt
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radio Com
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C h a p t e r 1 : I n t r o d u c t
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Fundamentals Part II Chapter 2 Radi
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CHAPTER 2 Radio-Wave Propagation To
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C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o - W a v
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R N-1 C h a p t e r 2 : r a d i o -
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Figure 2.29C Monthly averaged sunsp
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CHAPTER 3 Antenna Basics An antenna
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C h a p t e r 3 : A n t e n n a B a
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CHAPTER 4 Transmission Lines and Im
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C h a p t e r 4 : T r a n s m i s s
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Chapter 5 Antenna Arrays and Array
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C h a p t e r 5 : a n t e n n a A r
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A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.9
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B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Figure 5.10 Gr
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High-Frequency Building-Block Anten
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CHAPTER 6 Dipoles and Doublets A co
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C h a p t e r 6 : D i p o l e s a n
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Page 235 and 236: CHAPTER 8 Multiband and Tunable Wir
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Page 249 and 250: C h a p t e r 9 : V e r t i c a l l
Page 253 and 254: Quarter-wave vertical radiator Insu
Page 269 and 270: Directional High-Frequency Antenna
Page 271 and 272: CHAPTER 10 Wire Arrays When a singl
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Page 277 and 278: Wire 2 C h a p t e r 1 0 : W i r e
Page 283 and 284: CHAPTER 11 Vertical Arrays Despite
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Page 295 and 296: CHAPTER 12 The Yagi-Uda Beam Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 2 : T h e Y a g i -
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CHAPTER 13 Cubical Quads and Delta
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C h a p t e r 1 3 : C u b i c a l Q
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Figure 13.5 Multiband quad “spide
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High-Frequency Antennas for Special
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CHAPTER 14 Receiving Antennas for H
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C h a p t e r 1 4 : r e c e i v i n
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351 Figure 14.12 Remote tuning sche
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CHAPTER 15 Hidden and Limited-Space
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C h a p t e r 1 5 : H i d d e n a n
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CHAPTER 16 Mobile and Marine Antenn
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C h a p t e r 1 6 : M o b i l e a n
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CHAPTER 17 Emergency and Portable A
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C h a p t e r 1 7 : E m e r g e n c
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Antennas for Other Frequencies Part
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CHAPTER 18 Antennas for 160 Meters
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C h a p t e r 1 8 : a n t e n n a s
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CHAPTER 19 VHF and UHF Antennas The
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C h a p t e r 1 9 : V H F a n d U H
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CHAPTER 20 Microwave Waveguides and
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C h a p t e r 2 0 : M i c r o w a v
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λ o = c / f 8 3× 10 m / s = 9 C h
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CHAPTER 21 Antenna Noise Temperatur
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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C h a p t e r 2 1 : A n t e n n a N
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CHAPTER 22 Radio Astronomy Antennas
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C h a p t e r 2 2 : R a d i o A s t
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Figure 22.9 Interferometer pattern.
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CHAPTER 23 Radio Direction-Finding
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C h a p t e r 2 3 : R a d i o D i r
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Figure 23.9 Adcock array RDF antenn
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Figure 23.11 Watson-Watt Adcock arr
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Tuning, Troubleshooting, and Design
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CHAPTER 24 Antenna Tuners (ATUs) Th
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C h a p t e r 2 4 : a n t e n n a T
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CHAPTER 25 Antenna Modeling Softwar
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C h a p t e r 2 5 : A n t e n n a M
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Figure 25.3B Bent dipole wire and s
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CHAPTER 26 The Smith Chart The math
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Figure 26.2 Normalized impedance li
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A Figure 26.3 Constant resistance c
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A Figure 26.4A Constant inductive r
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C h a p t e r 2 6 : T h e S m i t h
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D C B A Figure 26.5 Radially scaled
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0.165 Y ' 1.0 j1.1 G' 1.0 Y ' 0.2
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CHAPTER 27 Testing and Troubleshoot
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C h a p t e r 2 7 : T e s t i n g a
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Mechanical Construction and Install
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CHAPTER 28 Supports for Wires and V
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C h a p t e r 2 8 : S u p p o r t s
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CHAPTER 29 Towers At some point, th
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 655
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C h a p t e r 2 9 : T o w e r s 667
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CHAPTER 30 Grounding for Safety and
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C h a p t e r 3 0 : G r o u n d i n
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CHAPTER 31 Zoning, Restrictive Cove
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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C h a p t e r 3 1 : Z o n i n g , R
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A Useful Math The material
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A p p e n d i x A : U s e f u l M a
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Appendix B Suppliers and Other Reso
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A p p e n d i x B : S u p p l i e r
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B.1.6 Rotators and Controllers Alfa
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Index Note: Boldface numbers denote
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I n d e x 747 Binns, Jack, first ma
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I n d e x 749 dipole (Cont.): slopi
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I n d e x 751 grounding and ground
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I n d e x 753 ionospheric propagati
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I n d e x 755 maximum effective len
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I n d e x 757 noise (Cont.): sky no
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I n d e x 759 reactance: cancellati
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I n d e x 761 standing waves: on an
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I n d e x 763 transmission lines, 1
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I n d e x 765 vertically polarized
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I n d e x 767 Yagi antennas (Cont.)
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