Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
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8- evitarea pier<strong>de</strong>rilor <strong>de</strong> apa, pr<strong>in</strong> lucrari repetate cu discul, formarea unoragregate <strong>de</strong> utilaje care sa pregateasca solul la o <strong>si</strong>ngura trecere.3. Insamantarea culturilor- este recomandat a se face <strong>in</strong> perioa<strong>de</strong> foarte scurte <strong>si</strong> sa vizeze mai put<strong>in</strong>epoca optima a fiecarei culturi ci <strong>in</strong> mod <strong>de</strong>osebit utilizarea rezervei <strong>de</strong> apape fiecare sola, pentru ca sem<strong>in</strong>tele sa beneficieze <strong>de</strong> aceasta.- se impune <strong>in</strong> mod <strong>de</strong>osebit folo<strong>si</strong>rea sem<strong>in</strong>telor <strong>si</strong> materialului <strong>de</strong> plantatcertificate, d<strong>in</strong> categorii biologice superioare, pentru a germ<strong>in</strong>a <strong>si</strong> rasarifoarte repe<strong>de</strong> <strong>si</strong> a avea un start <strong>de</strong> crestere vioi <strong>si</strong> rapid.- adancimea <strong>de</strong> semanat sau plantat trebuie sa fie mai mica fata <strong>de</strong> ani<strong>in</strong>ormali.- plantarea cartofilor sa se faca <strong>in</strong> bilon suficient <strong>de</strong> mare, <strong>de</strong>oareceefectuarea lucrarilor adanci <strong>de</strong> rebilonare duc la pier<strong>de</strong>rea apei d<strong>in</strong> sol.- se recomanda alegerea unor soiuri (hibrizi), cu rezistenta la seceta, pentruculturile la care au fost create astfel <strong>de</strong> soiuri (hibrizi) (ex. porumb boabe sau<strong>si</strong>loz). La cartofi, mai mult ca oricand este b<strong>in</strong>e sa avem <strong>in</strong> cultura 2-3 soiuri,cu perioa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> vegetatie diferite.- cantitatea <strong>de</strong> samanta la hectar este b<strong>in</strong>e sa fie marita cu cca 5% pentru aavea certitud<strong>in</strong>ea realizarii unei <strong>de</strong>n<strong>si</strong>tati optime.- executarea tratamentelor la sem<strong>in</strong>te, <strong>in</strong> mod <strong>de</strong>osebit la graul <strong>de</strong>primavară, orzoaică, ovaz, porumb, pentru a preveni aparitia unor boli <strong>si</strong>daunatori sau pier<strong>de</strong>ri <strong>de</strong> sem<strong>in</strong>te germ<strong>in</strong>abile.- <strong>in</strong>samantarea legum<strong>in</strong>oaselor furajere este mai recomandat ca oricand sase faca sub o planta protectoare (ovaz, orzoaică) semanata <strong>in</strong> cantitatimo<strong>de</strong>rate <strong>de</strong> samanta la hectar.4. Fertilizarea, presupune <strong>de</strong> asemenea a fi abordata <strong>in</strong> mod diferit fata <strong>de</strong>ceilalti ani.Cerealele <strong>de</strong> toamna care au beneficiat <strong>in</strong> toamna <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>grasam<strong>in</strong>tecomplexe (NPK) pot fi fertilizate cu azotat <strong>de</strong> amoniu cat mai repe<strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>iarna, sfar<strong>si</strong>t <strong>de</strong> iarna, pentru ca plantele sa beneficieze <strong>de</strong> el cat mairepe<strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong> primavara, cand se manifesta ― foamea <strong>de</strong> azot‖ a cerealelor.Avand <strong>si</strong>stemul radicular b<strong>in</strong>e <strong>de</strong>zvoltat d<strong>in</strong> toamna, ele vor avea acces rapidla elementele fertilizante.Daca <strong>in</strong> toamna nu au fost aplicate <strong>in</strong>grasam<strong>in</strong>te complexe, esterecomnadat sa se aplice doze mo<strong>de</strong>rate <strong>de</strong> NPK cat mai repe<strong>de</strong> pentru aputea fi dizolvate <strong>de</strong> umiditatea redusa existenta <strong>in</strong> sol.Pentru culturile <strong>de</strong> primvara, <strong>in</strong> mod <strong>de</strong>osebit cartofi, sfecla, legume <strong>si</strong><strong>in</strong> pomicultura trebuie sa se aplice doze mo<strong>de</strong>rate <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>grasam<strong>in</strong>te complexe<strong>de</strong> tip NPK.