Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
Raport stiintific si tehnic (RST) in extenso(.pdf) - Institutul National de ...
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11Pr<strong>in</strong>cipiul esential este a alege erbicidul sau comb<strong>in</strong>atia potrivita,dozele <strong>si</strong> momentul <strong>de</strong> aplicare pentru a avea o erbicidare reu<strong>si</strong>ta, respectandimperativul ca fermierul este acum prea sarac pentru a alege erbici<strong>de</strong>neperformante <strong>si</strong> o aplicare <strong>in</strong>corecta poate duce la compromitereaculturilor.Trebuie sa avem <strong>in</strong> atentie ca la erbicidarea cerealelor sa nu se<strong>de</strong>paseasca fenofaza <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>fratire- formarea primului <strong>in</strong>ternod- la erbici<strong>de</strong>lepe baza <strong>de</strong> dicamba (Iced<strong>in</strong>, Oltisan, etc.).Deosebit <strong>de</strong> important este sa folo<strong>si</strong>m ma<strong>si</strong>ni <strong>de</strong> erbicidatcorespunzatoare, cu duze b<strong>in</strong>e alese, pre<strong>si</strong>une constanta <strong>de</strong> lucru, barbotajcont<strong>in</strong>uu <strong>si</strong> respectarea vitezei <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>a<strong>in</strong>tare cu care s-au facut probele <strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>bit, respectiv cantitatea <strong>de</strong> solutie <strong>si</strong> produs <strong>de</strong> uz fitosanitar la hectar.6. Combaterea bolilor <strong>si</strong> daunatorilor.In <strong>si</strong>tuatia prognozata <strong>de</strong> an secetos este o certitud<strong>in</strong>e ca vom aveaprobleme <strong>de</strong>osebite <strong>in</strong> primul rand cu combaterea daunatorilor (gandacul d<strong>in</strong>Colorado, paduchi <strong>de</strong> frunze, afi<strong>de</strong>, <strong>in</strong>secte <strong>de</strong>foliatoare, paianjeni, plosnitela cereale, viermele rosu al paiului, trip<strong>si</strong>, omida m<strong>in</strong>iera, sfre<strong>de</strong>litorulporumbului, <strong>in</strong>secte <strong>de</strong> a caror evolutie nu trebuie sa fim surpr<strong>in</strong><strong>si</strong> ,etc).Nu trebuie sa neglijam <strong>in</strong>sa ca <strong>in</strong> aceste conditii, vor fi <strong>in</strong>fectii pestepragul normal la bolile d<strong>in</strong> genul fa<strong>in</strong>arilor (sfecla).La cultura cartofului, <strong>in</strong> functie <strong>de</strong> rezerva <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>fectii transmisa pr<strong>in</strong>tuberculi, gradul <strong>de</strong> umiditate, apropierea solelor <strong>de</strong> cursuri <strong>de</strong> apa, <strong>si</strong>cultivarea <strong>in</strong> <strong>si</strong>stem irigat, este necesar sa fim foarte precauti <strong>in</strong> priv<strong>in</strong>tacombaterii manei cartofului.La cartoful <strong>de</strong> samanta, <strong>in</strong> combaterea gandacului d<strong>in</strong> Colorado esteb<strong>in</strong>e sa folo<strong>si</strong>m <strong>in</strong>sectici<strong>de</strong>,, cu efect secundar aficid, aplicate fie la plantaresau cand apar adulti <strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong>n<strong>si</strong>tate mare, sau la larvele <strong>de</strong> varsta I-II.Exista produse ca Mospilan, Victenon, Actara, Regent, <strong>si</strong> altele, careau un efect prelungit <strong>de</strong> combatere <strong>si</strong> efectul lor nu <strong>de</strong>p<strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> temperaturaridicata. Trebuie <strong>in</strong>sa respectat pr<strong>in</strong>cipiul alternarii produselor, pr<strong>in</strong>cipiu―sfant‘ <strong>in</strong> domeniul protectiei plantelor.Nu este exclusa <strong>si</strong> folo<strong>si</strong>rea piretroizilor, dar dozele trebuie majorate,chiar dublate fata <strong>de</strong> doza omologata iar perioa<strong>de</strong>le <strong>de</strong> aplicare sa fieracoroase, dim<strong>in</strong>eata sau seara. Regula generala este ca peste 20° C sa nu sefaca tratamente pentru combaterea bolilor <strong>si</strong> daunatorilor, dar <strong>in</strong> zilelecaniculare, sunt po<strong>si</strong>bile temperaturi <strong>de</strong> 25 gra<strong>de</strong> dim<strong>in</strong>eata sau seara.In combaterea manei cartofului este foarte important sa fie utilizateprognoze meteorologice locale.