Nr. 3 (12) anul IV / iulie-septembrie 2006 - ROMDIDAC

Nr. 3 (12) anul IV / iulie-septembrie 2006 - ROMDIDAC Nr. 3 (12) anul IV / iulie-septembrie 2006 - ROMDIDAC

12.07.2015 Views

tries to separate the editor’s domain from the critic’s, he accepts the criticalinvestigations done by the editor when he faces textual alterations and needsto classify them. “Alteration” is not necessarily an erasure, which allows amodification of the text, but it might very well be. For Tanselle, each alterationimplies a change at the level of the authorial intentions and should be takeninto account accordingly.Carrying further Tanselle’s approach, Zeller notices the dangers, whichmay appear when an editor is absorbed in following the “artistic intentions ofthe author”. One of these is the difficulty of preserving the integrity of the wholework, a goal almost impossible to attain. An interesting point is the connectionbetween the authorial intentions and redundancy in the text:To edit the text according to the intention of the author, when the singularitiesof his intention are known to us only through this text, can be achieved only ifthe text is in a certain sense redundant, that is to say, predictable. 13The example of deletions from Crane’s Maggie required by his editor inorder to clean up the text raises a difficult choice for the editor. Crane wasasked to remove “profanity” and “sordid details” which obviously were initiallyintended by the author; then he “softened” the text, creating a second version,which also is a proof of a subsequent set of authorial intentions. To restore thefirst set of authorial intentions means to ignore the whole history of the text andto create a chain of suppositions about a reading, which never happened.Editing Beyond Authorial IntentionsMcGann’s sociological approach to textual topics evidently leads him toredefine “authorial intentions.” Since the published text is the result of constantnegotiations between author, on the one hand, and publishing institutions, onthe other, the author’s authority over the text is no longer unique. The authorshares it with the editorial collaborators who may determine changes in theinitial conception. Under such circumstances, to talk about authorial intentionsis futile. Although, McGann does not completely reject the functionality of theconcept, which can be used among other criteria when the editor selectsthe copy-text of an author, he cannot accept the spread of the conceptindeterminacy over the complex phenomenon of the social authorship.Authorship is a special form of human communicative exchange, and itcannot be carried on without interactions, cooperative and otherwise, withvarious persons and audiences. In these events editors and publishers functionas the means by which a text’s interaction with its audience(s) is first objectivelyhypothesized and tested. 14He analyzes several editorial cases, pointing out the imminent difficultiesan editor may encounter whenever “authorial intentions” are considered centralto the editorial process. Yeats reworked his poems for his Macmillan De Luxeedition, but did not finish the project started in 1931. It took more than half acentury to publish it, and, even though, it was not spared by the critics’ attacks.Filtering the authorial intentions through the immense volume of documentsseemed to be an impossible mission even for Yeats himself who “put manydifferent sets of intentions in motion, and where these intentions often reachedEx Ponto nr.3, 200685

no definitive point of resolution” 15 , he abandoned them. A different kind offailure to satisfy what authorial intentions seem to represent for the scholars’community is Erdman’s edition of Blake’s complete poetry and prose. Erdmantransformed Blake’s visually rich text into an austere typographical one. Hiscritical edition, however minute and erudite, cannot replace the original iconicityof the text. McGann makes his point when he compares Blake’s attempt tohave all the signifying codes under his control with Byron’s understandingthat it was to his advantage to share authority over bibliographical codes withhis collaborators. The former’s most valuable conclusion regarding authorialintentions is that they “are always operating along with nonauthorial intentions,that each presupposes the other, and that no text ever come into being, orcould come into being, without interactions of the two.” 16One Editorial ErasureMcGann sums it up by saying that, for a long time, authors used to haveauthority over the linguistic code while their editors enforced authority over thebibliographicalal code, although the two codes are both symbolic and signifyingand participate in the communication of the meaning. Adopting his point ofview to comprehend the topic of authorial intensions, one notices that, duringthe process of editing, the most affected code is the bibliographicalal one, theone that seemed to be left outside the author’s authority. McGann does notcomment upon this aspect that would lead the thread back to the discussionof authorial intentions. Somehow, what was conceived as being protected bythe author’s authority was less “damaged” by editors. Paying attention to the“aesthesis of texts” he enumerates the famous examples of textual worksfor which the physicality of the document is inseparable from the linguisticmessage. He names Emily Dickinson’s manuscript book, volumes publishedby Blake, Morris, Whitman, Yeats, W.C. Williams, and Pound. His solution issurprising: texts should be “exhibited” in aesthetic editions like paintings ina museum. He compares Tillotson’s Dickens with Turner’s paintings in theTate Gallery:Both gallery and edition force us to engage with artistic work under aspecial kind of horizon. It is far from the horizon under which Dickens andTurner originally worked. (…) Of course we cannot recover the earlier frameof reference; all we can do is make imaginative attempts at reconstructingor approximating it for later persons living under other skies. The vauntedimmortality sought after by the poetic impulse will be achieved, if it is achievedat all, in the continuous socialization of the texts. 17Ex Ponto nr.3, 2006Having already underlined the importance of the physical aspect of the text,McGann connects it with the ideology whose mark it becomes. Reconstructingthe context of a textual content, an editor can restore the ideological meaningsimplied by the text’s concreteness. Suddenly, the concrete aspect is no longera support which may be ignored, but an important source of meaning, asinformative as the text itself. Due to the ideological context embedded in texts,the pertinence of the textual physicality cannot be cast out from the editorialjobs. To ignore this aspect means to cut off / erase the text’s ideological,subtle inscription.86

no definitive point of resolution” 15 , he abandoned them. A different kind offailure to satisfy what authorial intentions seem to represent for the scholars’community is Erdman’s edition of Blake’s complete poetry and prose. Erdmantransformed Blake’s visually rich text into an austere typographical one. Hiscritical edition, however minute and erudite, cannot replace the original iconicityof the text. McGann makes his point when he compares Blake’s attempt tohave all the signifying codes under his control with Byron’s understandingthat it was to his advantage to share authority over bibliographical codes withhis collaborators. The former’s most valuable conclusion regarding authorialintentions is that they “are always operating along with nonauthorial intentions,that each presupposes the other, and that no text ever come into being, orcould come into being, without interactions of the two.” 16One Editorial ErasureMcGann sums it up by saying that, for a long time, authors used to haveauthority over the linguistic code while their editors enforced authority over thebibliographicalal code, although the two codes are both symbolic and signifyingand participate in the communication of the meaning. Adopting his point ofview to comprehend the topic of authorial intensions, one notices that, duringthe process of editing, the most affected code is the bibliographicalal one, theone that seemed to be left outside the author’s authority. McGann does notcomment upon this aspect that would lead the thread back to the discussionof authorial intentions. Somehow, what was conceived as being protected bythe author’s authority was less “damaged” by editors. Paying attention to the“aesthesis of texts” he enumerates the famous examples of textual worksfor which the physicality of the document is inseparable from the linguisticmessage. He names Emily Dickinson’s manuscript book, volumes publishedby Blake, Morris, Whitman, Yeats, W.C. Williams, and Pound. His solution issurprising: texts should be “exhibited” in aesthetic editions like paintings ina museum. He compares Tillotson’s Dickens with Turner’s paintings in theTate Gallery:Both gallery and edition force us to engage with artistic work under aspecial kind of horizon. It is far from the horizon under which Dickens andTurner originally worked. (…) Of course we cannot recover the earlier frameof reference; all we can do is make imaginative attempts at reconstructingor approximating it for later persons living under other skies. The vauntedimmortality sought after by the poetic impulse will be achieved, if it is achievedat all, in the continuous socialization of the texts. 17Ex Ponto nr.3, <strong>2006</strong>Having already underlined the importance of the physical aspect of the text,McGann connects it with the ideology whose mark it becomes. Reconstructingthe context of a textual content, an editor can restore the ideological meaningsimplied by the text’s concreteness. Suddenly, the concrete aspect is no longera support which may be ignored, but an important source of meaning, asinformative as the text itself. Due to the ideological context embedded in texts,the pertinence of the textual physicality cannot be cast out from the editorialjobs. To ignore this aspect means to cut off / erase the text’s ideological,subtle inscription.86

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