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semnat sfîrøitul din miezul propriei lor voinfle de a da curs dinamicii færæ<br />

limite enunflatæ în celebra formulæ a lui Apollinaire: „Sæ fim moderni!“. Avem<br />

aici o manieræ de a adapta artele moderne la nofliunea progresului, de a<br />

le subordona unui program, de a le trasa o cale, mai bine spus o serie<br />

de cæi paralele ce duc spre un acelaøi orizont færæ limite. Arta e pusæ în<br />

slujba inoværii permanente, fie cæ asta se întîmplæ printr-o automutaflie a<br />

formelor, prin captarea unor forme stræine tradifliei occidentale (descoperirea<br />

artelor „primitive“, ca rezolvare a problemelor legate de reprezentarea<br />

obiectului); fie prin utilizarea unor obiecte explicit nonestetice, a produselor<br />

industriale sau a deøeurilor, amestecînd în cele din urmæ tehnicile, materialele,<br />

instrumentele, activitæflile. Or, în timpul vîrstei de aur a avangardelor,<br />

între 1905 øi 1950, au fost încercate øi realizate toate construcfliile øi<br />

toate deconstrucfliile, toate iconoclasmele. În cinci decenii, de la cubiøti<br />

la Malevici, de la Duchamp la Klein, de la Moholy-Nagy la Tinguely, de<br />

la Calder la Manzoni, arta contemporanæ îøi desævîrøeøte øi îøi încheie posibilitæflile.<br />

Mulfli dintre artiøtii de mai tîrziu nu fac decît sæ continue, sæ repete,<br />

în mare sau mic, mai încærcat sau mai sobru, ceea ce fusese trasat de aceøti<br />

artiøti excepflionali, angajafli în cæutarea limitelor într-o lume pe care øtiinfla<br />

o eliberase demult de orice limite.<br />

Sfîrøitul avangardelor a fost contemporan cu cel al <strong>idea</strong>lismului realist (oricare<br />

ar fi obiectele lui), privit ca ultim canon estetic al adeværului obiectual<br />

pentru care s-au luptat institufliile universitare, academiile øi chiar statele.<br />

Cu toate acestea, putem crede cæ o astfel de mutaflie nu e lipsitæ de legæturæ<br />

cu cea suferitæ de o societate industrialæ care-i excludea de la consum<br />

pe majoritatea producætorilor de avuflie într-o societate industrialæ care<br />

în prezent îi înlænfluie în el. Progresul øi consumul se prezintæ, aøadar, ca<br />

douæ nofliuni ce se pot schimba între ele øi care dominæ ansamblul activitæflilor<br />

umane, inclusiv activitatea artisticæ. Frenezia consumistæ a adoptat<br />

lozinca „Sæ fim moderni!“, proclamînd cæ tot ce este nou este øi bun, adicæ<br />

rentabil. Reclama a estetizat reprezentarea celor mai banale obiecte de<br />

consum, în vreme ce industria recupera formele avangardiste pentru a<br />

estetiza produsele puse la dispoziflia consumatorilor. Pînæ la urmæ, acel „Sæ<br />

fim moderni!“ din esteticæ se confundæ cu cel din tehnicæ, pentru a se oferi,<br />

la rîndu-i, ca un „totul e posibil“ al maøinæriei uniformizante a cærei esenflæ<br />

nu e alta decît spafliul marfæ-obiecte-bani.<br />

Avem aici originea unui nou academism (sau, dacæ preferafli, a unui nou<br />

conformism), unul mai pervers, în care se aboleøte cenzura manifestæ a<br />

bunei-cuviinfle burgheze, aceea a „viitorului ce cîntæ“ sau a „Reich-ului de<br />

o mie de ani“, în folosul inovafliilor plastice øi tehnice, privite ca un lucru<br />

salutar de îndatæ ce se cumpæræ øi se vinde, øi cu condiflia sæ fie confirmate<br />

cum se cuvine de voci autorizate – ale criticilor, miniøtrilor, publicitarilor,<br />

intelectualilor.<br />

Tocmai aøa ceva se întîmplæ astæzi, cu oarecare întîrziere, în fosta Uniune<br />

Sovieticæ, unde faptul se prezintæ într-o formæ epuratæ. Pentru vechiul scriitor<br />

disident Lev Rubinstein situaflia e limpede: o datæ perestroika pusæ în<br />

fapt, nicio ortodoxie nu-øi mai putea impune normele; toate stilurile<br />

erau deja disponibile, la îndemîna oricui, færæ nicio restricflie; de-acum înainte<br />

fiecare îøi poate urma drumul øi rumega din nou ceea ce a fost deja exploatat<br />

de alflii. 10 În cîfliva ani, artiøtii ruøi au parcurs drumul nostru, au ajuns acolo<br />

unde sîntem noi øi s-au instalat cu entuziasm în civilizaflia lui Remake, ce<br />

face mai actual ca nicicînd aforismul lui Nietzsche ce caracteriza cultura<br />

modernæ ca pe magazia de accesorii a unui teatru: fiecare poartæ mæøti<br />

exceptional artists, engaged in searching for the limits of a world which science<br />

had long ago placed outside any limit.<br />

The end of the avant-gardes was contemporary to that of the realist <strong>idea</strong>lism<br />

(whatever its objects were) regarded as an ultimate aesthetic canon of objective<br />

truth which university institutions, academies and even entire states have fought<br />

for. Nevertheless, we are inclined to think that such a mutation is not without<br />

relation to that undergone by the industrial society, which excluded from consumption<br />

most producers of wealth and which now chains them to it. Progress<br />

and consumption present themselves thus as two interchangeable notions which<br />

dominate all human activities, including the artistic activity. The consumerist<br />

frenzy adopted the slogan “Be modern!” proclaiming that all that is new is good,<br />

in other words profitable. The advertising industry has aesthetized the representation<br />

of the best consumer goods, while the industry reclaims avant-garde<br />

forms to aesthetize the goods delivered to the consumers. Eventually, the<br />

“Be modern!” of aesthetics gets confounded with that of the technics, presenting<br />

itself, in its turn, as another “everything’s possible” of the machine of levelling<br />

whose essence is none other than commodity-objects-money.<br />

What we are facing is the source of a new academism (or, if you wish, of a nonconformism),<br />

a more perverse one, which abolishes the explicit censorship of the<br />

bourgeois decency, of the “singing future” or of the “ one thousand years Reich”<br />

in favour of artistic and technical innovations regarded as something salutary<br />

as long as they bring on sells and purchases and on condition that they are<br />

approved by authorised voices – critics, ministers, publicists, intellectuals.<br />

That is exactly what is happening today, with a little delay, in the former Soviet<br />

Union, where this fact presents itself in a depurated form. For the old dissident<br />

writer Lev Rubinstein, the situation is clear: once the perestroika occurred, no<br />

other orthodoxy could impose its norms 10 ; all styles were already shaped and<br />

now are available to everyone, with no restrictions; each can follow his or her<br />

way perfecting what others have already explored. In a few years, some have<br />

followed our way, they have come to the limit of the Western experience and<br />

they enthusiastically installed themselves in the civilisation of that Remake which<br />

makes more actual than ever Nietzsche’s aphorism characteriseing modern culture<br />

as being a theatre’s props store: each wears different masks and costumes,<br />

according to the circumstances, thus creating and recreating what has already<br />

been accomplished somewhere else.<br />

The indefatigable domination of the innovation as commodity has brought us<br />

the era of neo or a perpetual post. Neo-realism, neo-romanticism, neoexpressionism,<br />

neo-avant-gardism (a funny expression), neo-abstractionism,<br />

neo-minimalism, neo-hyperrealism etc. Those using a pen are neo-novelists,<br />

neo-philosophers. Within the social version we will find neo-bourgeois, neo-rich,<br />

neo-poor, neo-liberals, neo-capitalists, neo-Nazis, neo-fascists, neo-populists,<br />

neo-puritans etc, and maybe, soon, neo-communists. In the realm of commodity,<br />

everything is always new, although everything keeps repeating itself. If in the<br />

past totalitarianism made President Mao younger, the commodity does a much<br />

better job in concealing the essence of capitalism. If there is no God, Dostoyevsky<br />

wrote, man cannot tell right from wrong and the freedom which he faces<br />

announces his own annihilation; some people know, more or less clearly, that<br />

the road to hell is paved with good intentions. The end of the avant-gardes was<br />

decided when the aesthetic freedom started to work on itself, without rebelling<br />

against some order, so that, facing the void of infinite freedom, freedom itself<br />

was losing its essential meaning, that of confronting any predetermined public<br />

order. But, paradoxically, the infinite freedom conceals the absolute power<br />

194

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