Manual utilizator Slope - GeoStru Software

Manual utilizator Slope - GeoStru Software Manual utilizator Slope - GeoStru Software

09.01.2015 Views

23 Slope - the level of the water table in the ground and the problems, which may occur if excavation for the foundation is required below this level; - possible ground movements and reductions in the strength of the bearing stratum by seepage or climatic effects or by construction procedures; - the effects of excavations on nearby foundations and structures; - anticipated excavations for services close to the foundation; - high or low temperatures transmitted from the building; - the possibility of scour; - the effects of variation of water content due to long periods of drought, and subsequent periods of rain, on the properties of volume-unstable soils in arid climatic areas; - the presence of soluble materials, e.g. limestone, claystone, gypsum, salt rocks; 2. Frost damage will not occur if: - the soil is not frost-susceptible; - the foundation level is beneath frost-free depth; - frost is eliminated by insulation. 3. EN-ISO 13793:2001 may be applied for frost protecting measures for building foundations. 4.In addition to fulfilling the performance requirements, the design foundation width shall take account of practical considerations such as economic excavation, setting out tolerances, working space requirements and the dimensions of the wall or column supported by the foundation. 5. One of the following design methods shall be used for spread foundations: - a direct method, in which separate analyses are carried out for each limit state. When checking against an ultimate limit state, the calculation shall model as closely as possible the failure mechanism, which is envisaged. When checking against a serviceability limit © GeoStru Software-Slope 8.0.1

NORMATIVE 24 state, a settlement calculation shall be used; - an indirect method using comparable experience and the results of field or laboratory measurements or observations, and chosen in relation to serviceability limit state loads so as to satisfy the requirements of all relevant limit states; - a prescriptive method in which a presumed bearing resistance is used (see 2.5). 6. Calculation models for ultimate and serviceability limit state design of spread foundations on soil given in 6.5 and 6.6 respectively should be applied. Presumed bearing pressures for the design of spread foundations on rock should be applied according to 6.7. 6.5 Ultimate limit state design 6.5.1 Overall stability 1. Overall stability, with or without the foundations, shall be checked particularly in the following situations: - near or on a natural or man-made slope; - near an excavation or a retaining wall; - near a river, a canal, a lake, a reservoir or the sea shore; - near mine workings or buried structures. 2. For such situations, it shall be demonstrated using the principles described in Section 11, that a stability failure of the ground mass containing the foundation is sufficiently improbable. 6.5.2 Bearing resistance 6.5.2.1 General 1. The following inequality shall be satisfied for all ultimate limit states: V d = R d [6.1] 2.R d shall be calculated according to 2.4. 3. V d shall include the weight of the foundation, the weight of any backfill © GeoStru Software-Slope 8.0.1

23<br />

<strong>Slope</strong><br />

- the level of the water table in the ground and the problems, which may<br />

occur if excavation<br />

for the foundation is required below this level;<br />

- possible ground movements and reductions in the strength of the<br />

bearing stratum by<br />

seepage or climatic effects or by construction procedures;<br />

- the effects of excavations on nearby foundations and structures;<br />

- anticipated excavations for services close to the foundation;<br />

- high or low temperatures transmitted from the building;<br />

- the possibility of scour;<br />

- the effects of variation of water content due to long periods of drought,<br />

and subsequent<br />

periods of rain, on the properties of volume-unstable soils in arid climatic<br />

areas;<br />

- the presence of soluble materials, e.g. limestone, claystone, gypsum,<br />

salt rocks;<br />

2. Frost damage will not occur if:<br />

- the soil is not frost-susceptible;<br />

- the foundation level is beneath frost-free depth;<br />

- frost is eliminated by insulation.<br />

3. EN-ISO 13793:2001 may be applied for frost protecting measures for building<br />

foundations.<br />

4.In addition to fulfilling the performance requirements, the design foundation<br />

width shall take account of practical considerations such as economic<br />

excavation, setting out tolerances, working space requirements and the<br />

dimensions of the wall or column supported by the foundation.<br />

5. One of the following design methods shall be used for spread foundations:<br />

- a direct method, in which separate analyses are carried out for each limit<br />

state. When checking against an ultimate limit state, the<br />

calculation shall model as closely as possible the failure mechanism, which<br />

is envisaged. When checking against a serviceability limit<br />

© <strong>GeoStru</strong> <strong>Software</strong>-<strong>Slope</strong> 8.0.1

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