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Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România – campania 2006
this site revealed the Neo-Aeneolithic settlement and a Dacian
grave (Plate II/1, 2).
The Neo-Aeneolithic settlement
In a first stage the settlement was inhabited by the Culture
of linear pottery with musical notes community (Pit no. 5) and
later by the Boian - Giuleşti and Precucuteni I communities (in
the filling of the archaeological complexes the discoveries are
mixed).
The communities representing the Culture of linear pottery
with musical notes had an important role for the setting up of
the Early Aeneolithical cultures, Boian, Turdaş, Iclod,
Precucuteni. Boian Culture is well known in south - eastern
Transylvania and it is overlapping the inhabitance area of the
Culture of Linear Pottery. Materials belonging to this culture
have been discovered in 16 settlements from Transylvania.
Precucuteni Culture has been put into gear in a system of
direct or indirect relations with some of the contemporary
cultures, former or even hinder, from the geographical area in
which it developed and evolved.
Neo-Aeneolithical complexes from Olteni “Cariera de
Nisip”, Site B will be researched in future campaigns.
The Dacian Cemetery
Grave no. 2, about 10 m southwest of G.1, found 0.40m
deep.
Shape: one could not make out the contour of the pit for
sure, because it was at the surface and was dug in an
Aeneolithic complex; however, based on the colour of the infill
(brown), it was probably round.
Infill: brown sediment.
Rite: in-urn cremation, as the vessel was almost filled with
strongly burned bones of various sizes; the upper part of the
urn broken and collapsed inside or on the side.
Grave no. 3: double cremation tomb, in urn and in pit.
Shape: rectangular pit, close to the north-south axis, with
wooden planks, now carbonized, marking the eastern and
northern sides, as well as the bottom, meaning there must
have been a wooden structure on the sides and the bottom.
Infill: Yellow sediment, different from the one around the pit.
Rite: cremation
Grave 3a: in-urn cremation, as the vessel is almost filled
with cremation bones; it is placed in the northern-central part of
the pit.
Grave 3b: in-pit cremation, with the bones deposited in the
southern part of the pit, next to deposit 1.
Deposit 1: truncated vessel with a porringer-lid, placed
faced down on it, both of them found in the southern end of the
pit, close to the G.3b
Deposit 2: porringer fragment, found north-east of G.3b.
Deposit 3: biconical vessel found at the north-western end
of the pit, close to G.3a, placed faced down.
Deposit 4: a vessel’s stem found in the pit’s filling at the
depth of 0.55 m
Deposit 5: grinder fragments probably from a primitive
grinder, trapezoidal in shape, with the upper part slightly
rounded, probably wear out as a result of use.
Offering pit The porringer-lid of Grave 2
One found only a fragmentary porringer (about two thirds of the
vessel), deposited face down about 4m southeast of Grave 2.
Preliminary considerations.
Grave 1 and Grave 3 might have belonged to some
families high in wealth and status, given the resources
necessary for erecting the pyre and the special manner in
which the tombs was fitted out.
Why are we talking about a Dacian community Because
the many ceramic recipients, found in all types of complexes
and originating from at least 60 items all in all, are
characteristic of the Geto-Dacian pottery of the 5 th -3 rd centuries
B.C.
Unfortunately, from the other intra-Carpathian valleys
(Haţeg, Hunedoara, Sibiu, Bârsa, Sf. Gheorghe, Ciucaş), we
have very few archaeological discoveries dating back to the 4 th
- 3 rd centuries B.C. We believe that is due to the stage of the
research and the lack of a consistent and persistent program of
researching these areas, because it is difficult to believe that
regions so hospitable and full of rich resources could have
been uninhabited for almost two centuries.
It is obvious that these vessels, that are of modest value
but so useful in food preparation, were obtained from the local
Dacian communities and not brought from the other side of the
mountains; there is no reason to assume the existence of
intense trade activities over the Carpathians (the extreme rarity
of Greek imports in Transylvania is serious evidence to that
end), not to mention the difficulties associated with transporting
such fragile and low-grade vessels over the mountains.
In conclusion, the special importance of the discoveries
from Olteni is that the varied complexes and specific inventory
stand proof of the existence of a Dacian community in
Transylvania in the 4 th and 3 rd centuries B.C. This is just one
example – albeit a representative one – on how the Dacian
and the Celtic communities could live together, in their
respective patches.
131. Oltina, com. Oltina, jud. Constanţa
Punct: Capul Dealului
Cod sit: 62495.01
Autorizaţia de cercetare arheologică sistematică nr.
142/2006
Colectiv: Gabriel Custurea – responsabil, Cristina
Talmaţchi, Aurel Mototolea (MINAC), Costel Chiriac (IA
Iaşi)
În toamna anului 2006 s-a desfăşurat cea de a patra
campanie arheologică în aşezarea fortificată de perioadă
medieval timpurie de la Oltina – Capul Dealului. Situat între
localităţile Oltina şi Satu Nou (SV Dobrogei), pe un
promontoriu din apropierea Dunării, flancat la N de apele
fluviului, iar la S de cele ale lacului Oltina, situl a fost
semnalată încă din anul 1935 de către P. Polonic 1 .
Numeroasele descoperiri fortuite din acest punct, ca şi din
teritoriul apropiat, au determinat acordarea unei atenţii sporite
din partea cercetătorilor, în vederea achiziţionării materialelor
respective 2 , dar mai ales iniţierea săpăturilor sistematice,
începând cu anul 2001. În urma documentării pe teren –
desfăşurată în timpul campaniilor arheologice din anii 2001-
2003 – s-a stabilit că aşezarea medieval timpurie de la Capul
Dealului a fost apărată de un val de pământ lung de cca. 410
m însoţit, către V, de un şanţ adânc de aproape 3 m şi s-a
apreciat că aceasta a avut, în sec. X–XI, un aport deosebit în
evoluţia societăţii din arealul apropiat 3 .
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