Monografia (document PDF) - Asociatia Tinerilor Istorici din Moldova

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Presă şi cenzură în Basarabia. Documente şi comentarii specifics of imperial administration of province oriented exclusively to strictly execution of Sankt Petersburg’s central administration acts. However, what do primary sources offer to researcher? This category of documents of internal use – various reports, dispositions, informative notes, petitions etc – contains precious information about provincial journalistic environment, about historical conditions in which bessarabian press was forced to survive. They offer precise information about name and surname of editors, their age and home address, typography that will print the works. Information about newspaper’s and magazines publishing programs are also very precious. All these data gathered together present an adequate documentary restitution. They create a unique possibility of objective knowledge of Bessarabian facts related to history of press. Epoch of debut. Beginnings of censorship projects. Beginnings of bessarabian press: imperial context and local specifics. We can affirm there was no national press in Bessarabia in the XIXth century, but we know there were several attempts to create a national press. The history of bessarabian press in the XIXth century appears – in our interpretative opinion – tightly related to relationship between politics and historical writing. Before we enounce some context, we have to intervene shortly (because of limited space for this paper) with two important remarks. First, we have to remark there was no special department for press issues in Tsarist Empire in first six decades of XIXth century: as we know, it was created by Senate Ukaz of 6th of April 1865 that became operative at September, 1, 1865 – Main Department for Press issues (Glavnoe Uprvalenie po Delam Pečati). Secondly, a constant subject of tsarists policy in the area of press, for almost 130 years (from 1702) was the type of newspaper like „Vedomosti” , which was promoted as an official publication of tsarists administration in gubernies, starting with fourth decade of XIXth century and that dominated provincial press until the end of seventh decade. Imperial context. Several ministries and departments were in charge of press issues: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Public Education, IIIrd Department of Police, etc. Regarding a special policy in domain of press we can only remark that tsarists policy was to maintain technical, medical and other specialty periodicals in public circuit in order to divert public opinion from major social problems of society. Conservatory politics of russian autocracy is perfectly reflected by the Imperial Ukaz of December, 9, 1830 that ordered the publication of newspapers for gubernial centers named “Gubernskie Vedomosti.” The idea of this periodical was of Minister of Internal Affairs D. Bludov who firmly promoted this governmental project. Astrachan, Kazan, Kiev, Novgorod, Iaroslavl and Ukranian Slobodka were the first gubernies to implement this type of publication. Bessarabia was not included in this project at the beginning and will not be in the sphere of interests of imperial politics for next years, as we can see from documents deposited in local archives. Local specifics. In context of ministerial initiatives of local press organizing in gubernies, we have to pay attention to some local manifestations. It is sure that the initiative to create a local periodical edition in both “russian and moldavian languages” named „Curierul basarabean” appeared before ministerial initiative. This notable initiative considered the first attempt to organize the provincial press (ignored by tsarists’ authorities) was related to activities of commission of tutelage for creation of project for organization of Public Gubernial Library in Chisinau. Imperial context. Event happened two decades later, on July 17, 1854 caused by an external factor, in t he context of Crimea War (1853-1856). Imperial administration from Bessarabia needed permanently and tight exchange of information with Petersburg in context of war, and a newspaper called Bessarabskie Oblastnye Vedomosti covered this information need. We emphasize that the name of newspaper correspond to administrative status of province – that of “oblasti” – and immediately after changing this status at December 5, 1873, the newspaper was renamed into Bessarabskie Gubernskie Vedomosti. Local specifics. The lack of perspectives is a constant feature of bessarabian press for the – 141 –
Maria Danilov entire XIXth century. Being restricted, local press has always persisted under the terror of imperial censorship so that any attempt of local intellectuality to create Romanian language press was prosecuted from the beginnings. In this context, we just notice that during XIXth century, local nobles tried to create national press. Perpetual Romanian consciousness – newspaper Romanian (Romanul ) (1848) An exceptional phenomenon for the history of bessarabian press are actions made by a group of bessarabian nobles (that remained anonymous for us) between 1845 – 1848, in order to publish a private newspaper Romanian. Unfortunately, local archives conserved only one file from old dossier (a rough copy of official document form December, 24), an informational note of local regional administration (IIIrd Direction of gubernial office) addressed to Gubernator of Bessarabia, from which we know that “ The owner of Chisinau’s Typography – Achim Popov – made a request on October,1 of last year (1847 ) for permission to publish a newspaper with title “Romanian” and to annex it to regional bulletin”. From the information we have from Superior Council of Oblaste , we can deduct that mentioned Popov’s request was already discussed at the Ministry of Public Education and was readdressed to General-Gubernator of Bessarabia; Superior Council of Oblaste sent an approval note to General-Gubernator on November 9 , 1846, nr. 2202 and express it’s opinion that publishing the above-mentioned newspaper including official local news would be very useful, until a regional bulletin appears. We have to make some important remarks on quoted document. It is sure the initiative of publishing appeared before, since the document relates to the already taken decision, on November 9, 1846. We can see that on October 1, 1847, the owner of typography Achim Popov addressed for the second time to officials. The fact that the initiative group delegated to a typography owner (at that time, typography of Achim Popov was the only private typography that has Romanian characters for printing; it existed during four decades, from 1843) this initiative is a sign that they tried to avoid direct confrontation with imperial censorship authorities (it was a largely-used practice in Russia in XIXth century). Publishing program prefigured that newspaper will undertake the functions of gubernial bulletin, until it appears; it was a very daring action but incompatible with imperial concept regarding the role and editorial program of gubernial newspapers. In addition, we have to notice this patriotic initiative interfere with the most reactionary years of Russian empire (1848-1855) called by the contemporaries “the terror of reactionary”. In 1848, was created the “Committee of April 2” leaded by earl D. Buturlin that has the special role of supervising the Censorship committee. In fact, it meant nothing else than the doubling the Censorship committee. It is important for us to mention that even if this initiative was suppressed, it is a proof of national consciousness of bessarabian romanians that existed at the middle of XIXth century. By censoring this project, the date of appearance of Romanian press in Bessarabia was moved fare in the future. Ioan Dabija, tsarist censorship and the issue of Romanian press in Bessarabia. 1859-1865. There were other initiatives regarding Romanian language newspaper publishing, in the second half of XIXth century. Some officers in gubernial office were very “ concerned” about local press. State counselor Ioan Dabija was an expert in press issues, as documents prove. Local archives contain many materials about publicist initiatives of counselor Ioan Dabija (with residence in Ismail). He was the initiator of publishing a bilingual (romanian-russian) newspaper at Chisinau, to be spread also in Romanian principalities (!) in order to “deal with the anti-Russian ideas in romanian countries”. After recent investigations in the State Archives in Bucharest was established that earlier, in 1873, bessarabian Gheorghe Gore (1837-1909) has the initiative to publish in Chisinau t he newspaper Bessarabskii vestnik. A refusal of Main department for press issues from February 18, 1873, received in Chisinau at February, 24 , says that “ citizen of Chisinau, judge and state counselor Gheorghe Gore addresses to His excellence, Minister of Internal Affairs with the request for – 142 –
Page 2 and 3:
Maria Danilov Presă şi cenzură
Page 4 and 5:
Maria Danilov Presă şi cenzură
Page 6 and 7:
CUPRINS PRELIMINARII...............
Page 8 and 9:
Presă şi cenzură în Basarabia.
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93: Presă şi cenzură în Basarabia.
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210:
show all

Monografia (document PDF) - Asociatia Tinerilor Istorici din Moldova

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?