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Istorie
Party in Chişinău, in 1917, initiated
the establishment of professional
and cultural societies, and took part
in organizing the first congresses of
Moldovan peasants, teachers, and
clergymen. Elena Alistar founded
the Moldovan Women’s Cultural
League and was elected to represent
the newly founded body in
Moldova’s General Assembly, Sfatul
Ţării, where, in 1918, she cast
her vote in favor of Bessarabia’s
union with Romania. She served
as a principal of the Chişinău Lyceum
for Girls (a.k.a. the Eparchial
School),from which she herself
had graduated under czarist rule,
in 1890.Elena Alistar took refuge in
Romania,where she settled after the
Soviet annexation of Bessarabia, in
June 1940.” (p. 32)
„CALLIMACHI. Family of local
Moldovan noblemen (originally named
Călmaşu) who ruled over the
Principality of Moldova during
the last stages of the Phanariote
era. Ioan Theodor Callimachi ruled
between 1758 and 1761. He
passed the throne on to his son
Grigore Callimachi, who reigned
twice, 1761-1764 and 1767-1769,
at a time of dramatic escalation of
the Russo-Turkish wars. His other
son, Alexandru Callimachi, ruled the
Principality of Moldova – by then a
direct neighbor to the Russian Empire
– between 1795 and 1799. The
last ruler of the Callimachi dynasty
was Scarlat Callimachi, who reigned
briefly in 1806, at the outbreak of
the 1806-1812 Russo-Turkish War;
nominally between 1807 and 1810,
under Russian occupation; and yet
again between 1812 and 1819, after
the Russian annexation of the eastern
half of the principality under the
terms of the Treaty of Bucharest
of 1812. Scarlat Callimachi was the
last ruling prince of Moldova in its
traditional historical borders, with the
principality straddling both banks of
the Prut River (see BORDERS OF
MOLDOVA). One of the accomplishments
of Scarlat Callimachi’s reign
was the publication of Moldova’s
first civil code of laws (“Codul Callimachi”),
inspired in great part by
Austrian civil law ”( p. 67).
„JUDEŢ. Traditional territorial
and administrative unit of Moldova
(plural: judeţe), dismantled under
Russia and Soviet rule and reestablished
in 1999 only to be dismantled
again in 2001. The 1999 law on
Moldova’s territorial reform called
for the reorganization of the territory
into judeţe: Bălţi, Cahul, Chişinău,
Edineţ, Lăpuşna, Orhei, Soroca,
Tighina, and Ungheni, plus the
autonomous territorial unit of Gagauz
Yeri, and, later on, Taraclia.
Soon after the 2001 parliamentary
elections, the largest fraction in the
Moldovan parliament, the Party of
Moldova’s Communists, supported
by the Braghiş Alliance,voted
into law the return to the Soviet-era
administrative structure of the country,
consisting of raions. Prior to the
1940 creation of the Moldavian Soviet
Socialist Republic (MSSR),
most of the territory covered by
present-day Moldova was similarly
divided into an equivalent number of
judeţe, namely Bălţi, Cahul, Cetatea
Albă, Hotin, Ismail, Lăpuşna, Orhei,
Soroca, and Tighina.
In terms of historical usage, the
noun judeţ – equally in administrative
use in Romania – is derived from
jude, a traditional title meaning «judge»
and, by extension, a local lord in
charge of justice. See also RAION;
ŢINUT.” (p. 198)
“TRANSNISTRIA. The wartime
area between the Nistru and
the Bug rivers, dubbed Transnistria
and passed over by Germany
to Romanian administration under
the Tighina Convention of 30 August
1941, with George Alexianu
as governor-general. According to
the German-Romanian agreement,
the province was placed under Romanian
civil administration, with
the German army high command in
charge of giving instructions in the
areas of security and the economic
use of the territory. General Ion Antonescu
unequivocally refused to
annex Transnistria to Romania, to
preclude any possible interpretation
by Nazi Germany that such a deal
would serve as compensation for
Romania’s loss of Northern Transylvania
awarded by Adolf Hitler to
Horthyist Hungary in August 1940,
barely a month after Bessarabia’s
annexation by the Soviet Union under
the provisions of the Molotov-
Ribbentrop Pact.
The territory of Transnistria was
provisionally organized in 13 administrative
districts: Ananiev, Balta,
Berezovca, Dubăsari, Golta, Jugastru,
Moghilev, Oceacov, Odessa,
Ovidiopol, Râbniţa, Tiraspol, and
Tulcin. Mass deportations of Jews
from Bessarabia and Northern
Bucovina were conducted in Transnistria
between 1941 and 1943.
Various statistics indicate that a
total of 145,000 to 150,000 Jews
were deported to Transnistria from
various parts of Romanian-held
territory, 56,089 of them from Bessarabia,
others from Bucovina and
other regions. Reportedly, about
130,000 local Ukrainian Jews were
also exterminated during the wartime
occupation of Transnistria, to
which statistics add at least 85,000
deaths or exterminations of nonlocal
Jewish deportees. Presumably, approximately
50,000 Jews survived
the Transnistria deportations.
In contemporary usage, used
in hyphenated form as a common
noun, Transnistria is loosely applied
to the self-proclaimed east-bank secessionist
Moldavian Transnistrian
Republic (MTR). See also WAR
DEPORTATIONS” (p. 355).
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