14.11.2014 Views

Descarcă revista în format PDF - idea

Descarcă revista în format PDF - idea

Descarcă revista în format PDF - idea

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

verso: revoluflii în oglindæ (mirroring revolutions)<br />

Vom gæsi nedreptæfli enorme øi sub suprafafla domniei legii. Delincvenflii cu<br />

gulere albe sînt apærafli de echipele celor mai buni avocafli, pe cînd un hofl<br />

særman se poate bucura dacæ avocatul lui din oficiu nu adoarme în timpul<br />

procesului. Care e soluflia? Sæ dæm la o parte institufliile domniei legii sau sæ<br />

încercæm sæ gæsim posibilitæfli de a ameliora situaflia necæpætuiflilor în fafla legii?<br />

La fel stau lucrurile øi cu piafla. Anihilarea ei ar crea noi probleme færæ a le<br />

solufliona pe cele vechi. Dacæ am avut vreo experienflæ în vreun sens,<br />

atunci în asta sigur nu sîntem ageamii.<br />

Atunci cînd ne înfuriem – pe drept – cæ piafla produce cu atîta uøurinflæ<br />

inegalitæfli øi aservire, sæ nu uitæm totuøi cæ, totodatæ, piafla e øi cea mai robustæ<br />

instituflie egalizatoare a societæflii. Nu mæ gîndesc numai la faptul cæ<br />

piafla calcæ în picioare privilegiile milenare ale castelor, stærilor øi corporafliilor.<br />

Ea nu respectæ nici inegalitæflile economice mai noi. Azi, în Europa<br />

de Vest, øomajul e pe alocuri foarte ridicat. Asta e ræu. Statul încearcæ sæ<br />

soluflioneze aceastæ problemæ scæzînd impozitele, iar prin asta diminuînd<br />

costurile angajærii de forflæ de muncæ. Nici acest lucru nu e lipsit de aspecte<br />

negative, cæci – printre altele – asta are loc pe spezele garanfliilor sociale.<br />

De ce trebuie însæ sæ scædem impozitele? Deoarece capitalul se mutæ<br />

în Lumea a Treia, unde forfla de muncæ e mult mai ieftinæ decît în Europa.<br />

Milioane de oameni chinuindu-se într-o mizerie inimaginabilæ ajung sæ supraviefluiascæ<br />

øi sæ avanseze în clasa salariaflilor. Diferenfla dintre ei øi semenii<br />

lor occidentali scade.<br />

Lumea noastræ nu va fi niciodatæ perfectæ; va fi întotdeauna necesar<br />

ca lipsurile pieflei sæ fie corijate prin intermediul statului, iar<br />

cele ale statului prin intermediul pieflei. Øi vom avea nevoie întotdeauna<br />

de o politicæ democraticæ pentru a le corecta pe<br />

ambele.<br />

Avem nevoie de democraflie nu numai pentru cæ piafla øi statul<br />

sînt instituflii coruptibile – nici democraflia nu e liberæ de aøa ceva –, ci în<br />

primul rînd pentru cæ a ne apropia de o lume mai egalæ, mai pacificæ, mai<br />

conøtientæ ecologic øi mai solidaræ nu e numai o chestiune tehnicæ. Nu e<br />

o sarcinæ pentru care ar fi suficient sæ ne aøezæm la masa de desen pentru<br />

a-i trasa noi reguli øi proceduri. Pe marginea acestei sarcini se încleøteazæ<br />

interese øi viziuni ale lumii, iar confruntarea dintre ele trebuie sæ aibæ loc sub<br />

forma luptei politice. Ceea ce pare a fi o soluflie tehnicæ neutræ slujeøte adesea<br />

numai interese egoiste sau reflectæ parti-pris-uri ideologice. În dreptul<br />

acestui punct putem cædea de acord.<br />

Desigur, în concepflia lui G. M. T. politica justæ e cea revoluflionaræ. Chiar<br />

dacæ aøteaptæ însæ cu neræbdare revoluflia care sæ le mæture pe toate, acfliunea<br />

politicæ nu se poate epuiza nici mæcar pentru el în simpla aøteptare.<br />

Aflæm multe despre revoluflionarul nostru dacæ ne uitæm la ce sprijinæ pe<br />

termen scurt øi împotriva a ce luptæ.<br />

Politicæ<br />

Dragæ Gazsi, fli-ai scris articolul cu un mare patos moral; cred cæ pozifliile<br />

tale politice nici nu pot fi înflelese færæ el. Aøadar, voi începe sæ le examinez<br />

prin a discuta aspectul moral al diferenflelor dintre viziunile noastre. Ceea<br />

ce urmeazæ sæ spun poate fi dureros, dar øtii cæ fli-o spune cineva care, în<br />

vremuri grele, fli-a fost tovaræø de luptæ, iar astæzi urmæreøte cu amicalæ îngrijorare<br />

aparifliile tale în public.<br />

„[…] Spre deosebire de Adam øi de tine, eu nu mæ simt cu conøtiinfla curatæ“,<br />

scrii în încheiere. În aceastæ propoziflie se ascunde un reproø, de vreme ce<br />

The private sphere reinforced by rights produces unpleasant things as well.<br />

The most stubborn enemy of equality of rights in our society is the parent-child<br />

relationship: this perpetuates acquired advantages and disadvantages from one<br />

generation to another. What is the solution: a separation of newborn children<br />

from their parents or a sustained search for ways to counterbalance these primary<br />

social handicaps?<br />

We will come across gross instances of inequity if we scratch the surface of<br />

the rule of law as well. The best attorneys defend white-collar criminals, while<br />

the ragged thief feels lucky if his lawyer does not fall asleep in court. What is<br />

the solution? To discard the institutions of law, or to try to improve the situation<br />

of the underprivileged in court?<br />

Things are not all that different when it comes to the market, either. Its eradication<br />

would create new problems without solving any of the old ones. This is an<br />

area in which we [East Europeans] gained a lot of experience.<br />

And while we – absolutely legitimately – complain about the inequalities and<br />

disadvantages the market so easily breeds, let us keep in mind that market is,<br />

at the same time, one of modernity’s most robust equalizing institutions. I imply<br />

here more than the fact that it discards the ancient privileges of castes, orders<br />

and guilds. It also disregards economic inequalities rooted in the present.<br />

Today, in Western Europe the rate of unemployment is high, even alarmingly so<br />

in some regions. The state tries to mend the problem by reducing taxes and<br />

related costs of labor force employment. This again has a dark side – it reduces<br />

the rate of social allowances. But why should taxes be reduced?<br />

Because otherwise capital moves toward the Third World, where<br />

the labor force is dramatically cheaper than in Europe. In the<br />

Third World, millions of people living in unspeakably deep misery<br />

are finding their means of survival and rising to the class<br />

of wageworkers. The gap between them and their Western fellows<br />

narrows.<br />

Our world will never be perfect; the state will have to correct the defects of the<br />

market, while the market will have to correct the defects of the state. And democratic<br />

politics will always be needed to correct the defects of both.<br />

Democracy is needed not simply because the market and the state are frail<br />

institutions – democracy itself is also frail. It is first of all necessary because the<br />

pursuit of a more equal, more peaceful, freer, more environment-conscious, and<br />

more compassionate world is not merely technical question. It is not a task to<br />

be solved simply by new regulations and procedures. It is a task that generates<br />

conflicts of interests and of worldviews, and these need to clash within the<br />

framework of political struggle. The seemingly neutral technical solutions are<br />

often fuelling selfish interests or are based on ideological biases. This is where<br />

we profoundly agree.<br />

Obviously in G. M. T.’s view, the right policy is revolution. Nevertheless, even if<br />

he is restlessly hoping for the revolution that will change everything, political<br />

action demands more than silent waiting – even from him. His short-term goals,<br />

the things he supports and fights against, reveal a lot about the revolutionary.<br />

Politics<br />

Dear Gazsi, your article bursts with great moral pathos; without it, I believe,<br />

your political stances would be extremely difficult to understand. Consequently<br />

I will commence their analysis by mentioning the moral aspect of the argument<br />

we started. My words might hurt, but you should know that they are the<br />

words of someone who used to fight by your side in harsh times, of someone<br />

175

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!