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Orice s-ar fi întîmplat în cei øapte ani dintre 1982 øi 1989, Solidaritatea n-a<br />

afirmat niciodatæ în chip explicit cæ <strong>idea</strong>lurile øi proiectele ei s-ar fi schimbat<br />

în mod radical (în caz cæ istorisirea lui János Kis reflectæ într-adevær faptele,<br />

ceea ce, de dragul simplitæflii, sînt dispus sæ admit). La dezbaterile de masæ<br />

rotundæ, ea øi-a pus susflinætorii în fafla unui fapt împlinit, iar aceøtia au votat,<br />

desigur, cu Solidaritatea, opunîndu-se astfel postcomuniøtilor mincinoøi,<br />

corupfli, puciøti øi ageamii în ale guvernærii. Elanul a fost cel care i-a purtat<br />

pe votanflii Solidaritæflii, øi nu convingerea cæ flelurile øi mobilurile lor inifliale<br />

stau într-adevær la baza noii guvernæri democratice. Putem presupune cæ<br />

acesta a fost motivul real pentru care s-a descompus relativa unitate a taberei<br />

masive a Solidaritæflii. (De fapt, øtim sigur cæ aøa s-au întîmplat lucrurile, dar<br />

asta e o pistæ secundaræ acum.) Nimic nu demonstreazæ însæ caracterul ilegitim<br />

al <strong>idea</strong>lurilor: <strong>idea</strong>lurile n-au fost niciodatæ puse în practicæ. Færæ sæ øtie,<br />

János Kis descrie un act de trædare, acesta fiind numele potrivit pentru ce<br />

prezintæ el. (Presupunînd, desigur, cæ János Kis nu greøeøte – dar de asta<br />

mæ-ndoiesc.) Îi ducem în luptæ pe tovaræøii noøtri de principii øi de suferinflæ<br />

pentru <strong>idea</strong>lul x, dupæ care punem în practicæ <strong>idea</strong>lul y sau z færæ ca tovaræøii<br />

noøtri sæ fi øtiut ceva despre asta sau ca ei sæ fi putut face ceva împotriva acestor<br />

decizii… – asta nu aratæ prea bine, deøi (în mod cu totul de neînfleles<br />

de pe poziflia sa) János Kis pare sæ særbætoreascæ tocmai acest eveniment.<br />

Pentru cæ nimeni n-a încercat vreodatæ sæ punæ în practicæ aceste <strong>idea</strong>luri,<br />

nu existæ argumente faptice de partea caracterului realizabil sau irealizabil<br />

al acestora. (E drept: János Kis nu susfline cæ <strong>idea</strong>lurile ar fi fost ireale – asta<br />

ar fi absurd, øi el nu spune absurditæfli; el zice cæ aceste <strong>idea</strong>luri au fost în<br />

sine, inerent incorecte. Ræmîne desigur o întrebare dacæ se pot afirma asemenea<br />

lucruri despre <strong>idea</strong>luri ca atare, în sine. Chiar dacæ aøa ceva se poate<br />

spune, bineînfleles, despre teorii.)<br />

Cred, cu modestie, cæ nu aøa s-au întîmplat lucrurile. Solidaritæflii i s-a întîmplat<br />

ceea ce li s-a întîmplat tuturor revolufliilor proletare de pînæ acum<br />

– øi, de altminteri, øi cîtorva revoluflii de tip diferit.<br />

Toate revolufliile proletare au fost socialiste. Solidaritatea, în raport cu dictatura<br />

capitalistæ de stat care s-a autobotezat „socialistæ“, n-a spus øi n-a putut<br />

sæ spunæ asta, dar scopurile ei fuseseræ în mod univoc socialiste, la fel ca acelea<br />

ale Revolufliei din 1956, chiar dacæ acest socialism se înfæfliøase într-o versiune<br />

„revizionistæ“, numitæ mai tîrziu „comunism reformist“, sau într-una<br />

consilistæ. Toate revolufliile proletare, începînd cu Comuna din Paris (1871),<br />

s-au reîntors în cele din urmæ la formula politicæ a sistemului bazat pe consiliile<br />

muncitoreøti (democraflia directæ). Solidaritatea din Polonia – în opoziflie<br />

cu numele ei – n-a fost un sindicat, ci aliajul dintre o reflea de consilii muncitoreøti<br />

øi formula partidului de masæ.<br />

La fel ca toate revolufliile proletare de pînæ acum, øi Solidaritatea (amintind<br />

la modul cutremurætor de revolufliile din 1917–1919) îøi privise miøcarea<br />

øi flelurile prin lentilele falsei conøtiinfle. În absenfla unui citoyen democratic<br />

consecvent øi a unei burghezii liberale secularizante, laicizante, modernizatoare,<br />

cea care a pus în practicæ scopurile revolufliei burgheze, de la industrializare<br />

la sistemul de protecflie socialæ (bunæstarea popularæ), fusese, la est<br />

de Rin, miøcarea muncitoreascæ socialistæ. Uneori miøcarea muncitoreascæ<br />

a fost conøtientæ de asta, alteori nu. Cîteodatæ øi Lenin mai pærea sæ øtie cæ<br />

tot ce realizase a fost pur øi simplu un rudimentar capitalism de stat. Solidaritatea<br />

– øi pe urmele øi graflie ei: toatæ Europa de Est – a încheiat revoluflia<br />

burghezæ începutæ øi stricatæ de comuniøti. Ea s-a pæcælit (inevitabil) în primul<br />

rînd pe sine, øi nu pe adepflii ei. Azi, cel mai masiv partid comunist din lume<br />

In the round-table debates, they presented their supporters with an accomplished<br />

fact, while these had obviously voted for the Solidarity rather than for<br />

the perfidious, corrupt, putchist, and clumsy government of the post-communists.<br />

Solidarity’s voters were driven by their impetus, and not by the conviction<br />

that the new, democratic government mirrored their original aims<br />

(motivations). Presumably, this is the reason behind the disintegration of the<br />

relative unity of the Solidarity. (In fact, we know it was so. However, this is not<br />

paramount now.) None of this is proof for the invalidity of <strong>idea</strong>ls: <strong>idea</strong>ls had<br />

not even been tested. Unknowingly, János Kis describes here an act of treason,<br />

this being the right word for what he speaks of. (Provided, of course, that<br />

he is right, which I seriously doubt.) We call our colleagues and fellows to<br />

fight for <strong>idea</strong>l x, then we accomplish <strong>idea</strong>l y or z, without ever making this fact<br />

clear to them in a way that would make genuine dissent possible... – sounds<br />

like a pretty messy affair, even though (surprisingly enough) János Kis seems<br />

to be celebrating this event.<br />

As nobody has ever attempted to accomplish the said <strong>idea</strong>ls, there are practically<br />

no empirical arguments for or against their validity. (János Kis does not<br />

for a moment imply that these <strong>idea</strong>ls were unreal, for that would not make<br />

sense, while whatever he writes most certainly does; he thinks these <strong>idea</strong>ls<br />

were inherently, immanently incorrect. The question is whether such a statement<br />

applies to <strong>idea</strong>ls as such. It obviously applies to theories.)<br />

In my humble opinion, something else happened. The Solidarity had presumably<br />

suffered the fate of all known proletarian revolutions – and of several<br />

other revolutions, for that matter.<br />

All proletarian revolutions were socialist ones. Opposing as it was a the state<br />

dictatorship that professed to be “socialist”, the Solidarity was not in a position<br />

to undertake the same ideological label; nevertheless its goals were clearly<br />

socialist goals, similar to the way it happened with the goals of the 1956<br />

revolution, both in their “revisionist” (later called: “reform-communist”) version,<br />

and their council communist one. Beginning with the Paris Commune<br />

(1871), each proletarian revolution happened to re-invent the political form<br />

of the workers’ council (direct democracy). Despite its denomination, the<br />

Solidarity in Poland was not a trade union, but the hybrid of a network of<br />

workers’ councils and the form of a mass party.<br />

Alike any other proletarian revolution so far, the Solidarity (terrifyingly recalling,<br />

in this respect, the 1917–1919 revolutions) had a false consciousness of its<br />

own movement and goals. In the absence of a liberal bourgeoisie, with secular,<br />

lay and modern inclinations, and in the absence of the self-conscious,<br />

democratic citoyen, the goals of the bourgeois revolution in each European<br />

region East of the Rhein, from general right to vote to industrialisation and<br />

social protection networks (welfare), were carried out by the socialist labour<br />

movement. The movement swayed between a state of consciousness and<br />

unconsciousness of this. At certain moments, even Lenin seemed to be aware<br />

of the fact that his accomplishment was in fact a primitive form of state capitalism.<br />

The Solidarity – with the entire Eastern European region on its tracks –<br />

had actually finished the bourgeois revolution initiated and blemished by the<br />

communists. Unavoidably, the Solidarity deceived first itself, and not its supporters.<br />

Nowadays, the largest communist party in the world marches toward<br />

victory in the People’s Republic of China bearing a combination of the completed<br />

bourgeois revolution, extreme capitalism and the almost unaltered<br />

form of Stalinist dictatorship. This was “the will” neither of the Catholic Polish<br />

trade union members, nor of the Chinese peasant revolutionaries.<br />

166

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