SOLUTII de FATADE VENTILATE ULTILIZATE LA O CLADIRE DE ...
SOLUTII de FATADE VENTILATE ULTILIZATE LA O CLADIRE DE ...
SOLUTII de FATADE VENTILATE ULTILIZATE LA O CLADIRE DE ...
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<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong> INVATAMANT<br />
<strong>SOLUTII</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong><br />
<strong>ULTILIZATE</strong><br />
<strong>LA</strong> O C<strong>LA</strong>DIRE<br />
<strong>DE</strong> INVATAMANT<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu<br />
ANALIZA<br />
PERFORMANTELOR<br />
ENERGETICE
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Introducere<br />
Conceptia<br />
arhitectural - volumetrica<br />
din perspectiva energetica<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania -arh.C.Lepadatu<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Introducere<br />
Conceptia<br />
arhitectural - volumetrica<br />
din perspectiva energetica<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Introducere<br />
Conceptia<br />
arhitectural - volumetrica<br />
din perspectiva energetica<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Introducere<br />
Conceptia<br />
arhitectural - volumetrica<br />
din perspectiva energetica<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Fata<strong>de</strong>le ventilate<br />
Fata<strong>de</strong>le ventilate reprezinta un<br />
sistem constructiv <strong>de</strong>s utilizat, in special in<br />
cazul cladirilor <strong>de</strong>zvoltate pe verticala, datorita<br />
performantelor energetice si comportarii la<br />
transferul <strong>de</strong> masa si caldura.<br />
Lucrarea prezinta un studiu privind<br />
comportarea pe timp <strong>de</strong> iarna a unei cladiri <strong>de</strong><br />
invatamant superior, la care s-a utilizat acest<br />
sistem <strong>de</strong> anvelopa.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Sisteme constructive<br />
Sistemele constructive cele mai <strong>de</strong>s folosite pentru fata<strong>de</strong>:<br />
sistemul ETICS, care inclu<strong>de</strong> un strat exterior pentru protectia<br />
mecanica, realizat din mortar armat cu fibre <strong>de</strong> sticla sau material<br />
plastic<br />
sistem <strong>de</strong> fatada ventilata, cu stratul exterior realizat din<br />
panouri din diferite materiale (ceramice, sticla, piatra naturala,<br />
metal, materiale compozite) dispuse la o anumita distanta <strong>de</strong> stratul<br />
<strong>de</strong> izolare termica. Stratul <strong>de</strong> aer ventilat din spatiul intermediar<br />
imbunatateste comportarea higrotermica a structurii <strong>de</strong> fatada.<br />
Sistemul <strong>de</strong> fatada ventilata are o larga aplicabilitate, in<br />
special pentru cladiri inalte, datorita avantajelor higrotermice,<br />
tehnologice, si economice: riscul <strong>de</strong> con<strong>de</strong>ns este eliminat,<br />
supraincalzirea pe timpul verii este diminuata, costurile <strong>de</strong> executie<br />
si intretinere sunt reduse, etc.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Prezentarea<br />
fata<strong>de</strong>i ventilate<br />
analizate<br />
Sistemul cunoscut sub <strong>de</strong>numirea <strong>de</strong> “fatada ventilata”<br />
cuprin<strong>de</strong> mai multe straturi, cu rol <strong>de</strong> protectie a cladirii la<br />
actiunea combinata a vantului si ploii. De asemenea sunt<br />
asigurate:<br />
calitati estetice superioare<br />
protectie termica<br />
izolare acustica<br />
Caracteristic acestor structuri este prezenta stratului<br />
<strong>de</strong> aer ventilat creat intre izolatia termica si panourile<br />
exterioare. Acesta este antrenat <strong>de</strong> actiunea vantului<br />
combinata cu “efectul <strong>de</strong> cos”.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
“<br />
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Sistemul analizat <strong>de</strong> fatada ventilata<br />
este alcatuit din:<br />
perete opac din BCA<br />
izolatie termica - vata minerala –<br />
12 cm grosime<br />
strat <strong>de</strong> aer ventilat - 3 cm grosime<br />
placi ceramice<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Evaluarea<br />
performantelor<br />
energetice<br />
ale fata<strong>de</strong>lor<br />
ventilate<br />
Dificultatile intampinate in procesul<br />
<strong>de</strong> evaluare a performantelor<br />
energetice ale fata<strong>de</strong>lor ventilate:<br />
absenta unui program <strong>de</strong> calcul care<br />
sa permita evaluarea comportarii<br />
higrotermice a fata<strong>de</strong>i ventilate<br />
multitudinea si natura dinamica a<br />
fenomenelor care introduc dificultati<br />
in procesul <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>lare.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Cercetari si studii<br />
anterioare<br />
Mayer si Kunzel (1983)<br />
au evi<strong>de</strong>ntiat factorii care influenteaza<br />
rata ventilarii din cavitatea fata<strong>de</strong>lor<br />
ventilate:<br />
- presiunea vantului<br />
- temperatura aerului<br />
- prezenta unor rugozitati<br />
pe suprafata <strong>de</strong> contact<br />
- suprafata orificiilor <strong>de</strong><br />
admisie si evacuare.<br />
Stovall si Karagiozis (2004)<br />
prezinta rezultatele unui studiu<br />
privind evaluarea raporturilor dintre<br />
parametrii climatici si geometria<br />
fata<strong>de</strong>i, pe <strong>de</strong> o parte si circulatia<br />
stratului <strong>de</strong> aer din cavitatea peretelui,<br />
pe <strong>de</strong> alta parte.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Griffith (2006)<br />
<strong>de</strong>scrie un mo<strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong> fatada ventilata<br />
limitata la exterior <strong>de</strong> panouri usoare si<br />
la interior <strong>de</strong> insasi anvelopa cladirii.<br />
Naboni (2007)<br />
utilizeaza un mo<strong>de</strong>l teoretic si prin<br />
simulare numericam cu programul<br />
EnergyPlus analizeaza influenta<br />
diferitilor factori asupra consumului <strong>de</strong><br />
energie si a confortului interior in<br />
cladirile cu sisteme <strong>de</strong> fatada ventilata.<br />
Studiul inclu<strong>de</strong> si inregistrari “in<br />
situ”realizate la o cladire<br />
experimentala.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Evaluarea performantei<br />
energetice cu ajutorul<br />
simularii numerice a<br />
campului termic plan<br />
Criteriul <strong>de</strong> performanta adoptat a fost rezistenta termica<br />
corectata R’ si respectiv coeficientul termic corectat U’.<br />
U '<br />
∑<br />
= 1/ R' = 1/ R + ( Ψ ⋅ l) / A<br />
[W/m2K]<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Rezultatele simularii<br />
numerice.<br />
Exemple<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Performanta termica<br />
a fata<strong>de</strong>i ventilate<br />
Zona<br />
A<br />
m 2<br />
U<br />
W/m 2 K<br />
ΔU<br />
W/m 2 K<br />
U’<br />
W/m 2 K<br />
R’<br />
m 2 K/W<br />
Zona <strong>de</strong><br />
colt opac<br />
Zona <strong>de</strong><br />
colt cu<br />
fereastra<br />
Zona<br />
curenta<br />
opaca<br />
Zona<br />
curenta+<br />
fereastra<br />
21.00 0.293 0.100 0.393 2.540<br />
18.11 0.293 0.410 0.703 1.420<br />
21.00 0.293 0.081 0.374 2.670<br />
18.11 0.293 0.404 0.697 1.434<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Influenta stratului<br />
<strong>de</strong> aer asupra<br />
performantei energetice<br />
a fata<strong>de</strong>i ventilate<br />
Cunoscand temperatura stratului <strong>de</strong> aer, in conditii climatice<br />
extreme, se poate evalua <strong>de</strong>nsitatea <strong>de</strong> flux termic, q:<br />
Analizand performanta energetica a fata<strong>de</strong>i ventilate in<br />
comparatie cu una opaca, rezulta un consum <strong>de</strong> energie mai<br />
scazut cu 10%.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Analiza campului <strong>de</strong><br />
temperaturi pe fatada,<br />
prin termografiei IR in<br />
timpul anotimpului rece<br />
Analiza termografica a cladirii Universitatii “Petre Andrei”<br />
din Iaşi a fost realizata pe durata iernii 2005, in conditii <strong>de</strong><br />
cer acoperit, cu o temperatura a aerului exterior <strong>de</strong> -4.5°C,<br />
iar aerul interior avand +22°C.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Aspecte rezultate din<br />
analiza imaginilor IR<br />
a. Influenta puntilor termice generate <strong>de</strong> prezenta stalpilor si<br />
grinzilor<br />
Imagine IR pe fatada nordica<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Imagine IR a<br />
discontinuitatilor geometrice<br />
b. Influenta discontinuitatilor geometrice.<br />
Prezenta consolei in contact cu aerul<br />
exterior pe 3 fete <strong>de</strong>termina o diferenta <strong>de</strong><br />
temperatura <strong>de</strong> 4°C in comparatie cu<br />
temperatura din camp curent.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Influenta puntilor termice punctuale<br />
c. Existenta puntilor termice<br />
punctuale <strong>de</strong>terminate <strong>de</strong><br />
sistemele <strong>de</strong> prin<strong>de</strong>re a panourilor<br />
ceramice <strong>de</strong> structura.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
d. Zone <strong>de</strong> temperatura coborata pe<br />
suprafata peretelui interior datorita<br />
configuratiei geometrice.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu
<strong>SOLUTII</strong> <strong>DE</strong> <strong>FATA<strong>DE</strong></strong> <strong>VENTI<strong>LA</strong>TE</strong> UTILIZATE <strong>LA</strong> C<strong>LA</strong>DIRI <strong>DE</strong><br />
INVATAMANT<br />
Concluzii<br />
Utilizarea fata<strong>de</strong>lor ventilate<br />
prezinta avantaje din punct <strong>de</strong><br />
ve<strong>de</strong>re al eficientei energetice<br />
si comportarii higrotermice a<br />
sistemelor <strong>de</strong> inchi<strong>de</strong>re.<br />
O evaluare a parametrilor<br />
caracteristici implica:<br />
simulari numerice complexe<br />
care induc un numar mare <strong>de</strong><br />
aproximari<br />
experimentari pe mo<strong>de</strong>le<br />
fizice si masuratori la scara<br />
naturala.<br />
Universitatea “Petre Andrei” , Iasi, Romania - arh.C.Lepadatu