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Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

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m−1 <br />

+ (xm −x0)[x0,...,xk;f][xk,...,xm;g]+<br />

k=1<br />

+(xm −x0)[x0,...,xm;f][xm;g]<br />

=<br />

<br />

m<br />

[x0,...,k;f][xk,...,xm;g]<br />

k=0<br />

Observat¸ia 5.0.22 Diferent¸a divizată se poate introduce ca s¸i coeficient dominant<br />

în PIL.<br />

Problema 5.0.23 (Aplicat¸ie) O modalitate rapidă <strong>de</strong> a calcula valorile unui polinom<br />

<strong>de</strong> grad 3 în puncte echidistante folosind diferent¸e divizate.<br />

∆ 3 P(0)<br />

P(x) = ax 3 +bx 2 +cx+d<br />

∆P(x) = P(x+h)−P(x) ⇒ P(x+h) = P(x)+∆P(x)<br />

∆ 2 P(x) = ∆P(x+h)−∆P(x)<br />

∆P(x+h) = ∆P(x)+∆ 2 P(x)<br />

∆ 3 P(x) = ∆ 2 P(x+h)−∆ 2 P(x)<br />

∆ 2 P(x+h) = ∆ 2 P(x)+∆ 3 P(x)<br />

∆ 3 P(x) = 6ah 3<br />

∆P(0) = ah 3 +bh 2 +ch = h(h(ah+b)+c)<br />

∆ 2 P(0) = P(2h)−2P(h)+P(0) =<br />

= 8ah 3 +4bh 2 +2ch+d−2ah 3 −2bh 2 −2ch−2d+d =<br />

= 6ah 3 +2bh 2 = 2h 2 (3ah+b)<br />

∆k,i+1 = ∆k−1,i +∆k−1,i+1<br />

Problema 5.0.24 Dacă f,g : M → R are loc<br />

(∆ m h<br />

fg)(a) =<br />

m<br />

i=0<br />

=<br />

<br />

m<br />

(∆<br />

i<br />

i hf)(a)(∆m−i h g)(a+ih)<br />

75

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