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Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

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72 Calculul cu diferent¸e<br />

Solut¸ie. Dacă F este o solut¸ie a ecuat¸iei cu diferent¸e<br />

are loc formula <strong>de</strong> sumare<br />

∆hF(x) = f(x)<br />

m<br />

f(a+jh) = F[a+(m+1)h]−F(a)<br />

j=0<br />

∆hF(x) = F(x+h)−F(x) = x, x = a,a+h,...,a+mh<br />

a+mh <br />

x=a(h)<br />

∆hF(x) = f(x), F(x) = u(x)v(x)<br />

∆hu(x)v(x) = u(x)∆hv(x)+∆hu(x)v(x+h)<br />

u(x)∆hv(x)+<br />

a+mh <br />

x=a(h)<br />

<br />

<br />

v(x+h)∆hu(x) = u(x)v(x)<br />

u(x) = x, ∆v(x) = b x ⇒ v(x) = bx<br />

m<br />

x=0<br />

<br />

<br />

b−1<br />

xb x = x bx<br />

m+1<br />

0<br />

−<br />

m<br />

x=0<br />

b−1<br />

b x<br />

b−1 =<br />

a+(m+1)h<br />

a<br />

= (m+1) bm+1 1<br />

−<br />

b−1 b−1 (b+b2 +···+b m+1 ) = (m+1) bm+1<br />

b−1 − bm+2 −b<br />

(b−1) 2<br />

<br />

−cos x−<br />

u(x) = x, ∆v(x) = sinx ⇒ v(x) =<br />

h<br />

<br />

2<br />

2sin h<br />

2<br />

<br />

a+mh cos x−<br />

xsinx = −x<br />

x=a<br />

h<br />

<br />

2<br />

2sin h<br />

<br />

a+(m+1)h<br />

a+mh<br />

cos x+<br />

+<br />

<br />

a x=a<br />

2<br />

h<br />

<br />

2<br />

2sin h<br />

2<br />

<br />

Deoarece ∆hF(x) = cos x+ h<br />

<br />

este satisfăcută pentru F(x) =<br />

2<br />

sinx<br />

2sin h<br />

2<br />

rezultă că avem<br />

a+mh <br />

<br />

cos x+<br />

x=a<br />

h<br />

<br />

=<br />

2<br />

sinx<br />

2sin h<br />

<br />

a+(m+1)h<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

a<br />

2

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