20.07.2013 Views

Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Definit¸ia 5.0.9 Pre<strong>de</strong>rivata <strong>de</strong> ordinulmcu pasulhafunct¸iei f în a este<br />

D m h f(a) = ∆m h f(a)<br />

h m<br />

D 0 nf(a) = f(a)<br />

Problema 5.0.10 Dacăf are <strong>de</strong>rivată <strong>de</strong> ordinulmcontinuă pe(a,a+mh) are<br />

loc<br />

D m h f(a) = f (m) (a+θmh), θ ∈ (0,1)<br />

Demonstrat¸ie. Prin induct¸ie.<br />

Dhf(a) = f(a+h)−f(a)<br />

h<br />

= f ′ (ξ1), ξ1 ∈ (a,a+h)<br />

D m−1<br />

h f(a) = f (m−1) (ξm−1)|Dh, ξm−1 ∈ (a,a−(m−1)h)<br />

D m h<br />

f(a) = 1<br />

h [f(m−1) (ξm−1 +h)−f (m−1) (ξm−1)] = f (m) (ξm)<br />

ξm ∈ (a,a+mh) ⇒ ξm = a+θmh, θ ∈ (0,1)<br />

Corolar 5.0.11 f (m) continuă în a ⇒ lim<br />

h→0 D m h (a) = f(m) (a).<br />

Problema 5.0.12 Să se <strong>de</strong>monstreze formulele<br />

∆ m <br />

h cos(ax+b) = 2sin ah<br />

m <br />

cos ax+b+m<br />

2<br />

ah+π<br />

<br />

2<br />

∆ m <br />

h sin(ax+b) = 2sin ah<br />

m <br />

sin ax+b+m<br />

2<br />

ah+π<br />

<br />

2<br />

Să se <strong>de</strong>ducă <strong>de</strong> aici expresiile pre<strong>de</strong>rivatelor <strong>de</strong> ordinulmale funct¸iilorcosx,<br />

sinx s¸i să se calculeze limitele lor când h → 0.<br />

Solut¸ie.<br />

∆hcos(ax+b) = cos[a(x+h)+b]−cos(ax+h) =<br />

= 02sin ah<br />

2 sin<br />

<br />

ax+b+ ah<br />

<br />

=<br />

2<br />

= 2sin ah<br />

2 cos<br />

∆h π +ah<br />

ax+b+ <strong>de</strong>n−1ori<br />

2<br />

69

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!