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Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

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62 Rezolvarea numerică a sistemelor algebrice liniare<br />

adică<br />

Ax∞ ≤ max<br />

1≤i≤n<br />

n<br />

|aij|, ∀ x ∈ R n , x∞<br />

j=1<br />

Am = max ≤ max<br />

x∞=1 1≤i≤n<br />

Fiep ∈ N, 1 ≤ p ≤ n astfel încât<br />

Alegemxastfel încât<br />

n<br />

j=1<br />

xj =<br />

|apj| = max<br />

1≤i≤n<br />

n<br />

j=1<br />

n<br />

|aij| (4.5)<br />

j=1<br />

|aij|<br />

1 dacă apj ≥ 0<br />

−1 dacă apj < 0<br />

x∞ = 1, apjxj = |apj|, ∀j = 1,n<br />

<br />

n <br />

<br />

Ax∞ = max aijxj<br />

1≤i≤n<br />

≥<br />

<br />

n <br />

<br />

apjxj<br />

=<br />

n<br />

|apj| = max<br />

(4.5),(4.6) ⇒ ” = ”.<br />

j=1<br />

j=1<br />

j=1<br />

Am = max Ax∞ ≥ max<br />

x∞=1 1≤i≤n<br />

Problema 4.3.2 Să se arate că l-norma<br />

este naturală.<br />

Solut¸ie.<br />

Al = max<br />

1≤j≤n<br />

Al := max Ax1<br />

x1=1<br />

Fiex ∈ Rn astfel încât x1 = 1<br />

n n<br />

<br />

n<br />

<br />

Ax1 = |(Ax)i| = <br />

<br />

i=1<br />

i=1<br />

j=1<br />

aijxj<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

≤<br />

n<br />

i=1<br />

|aij|<br />

?<br />

= max<br />

1≤j≤n<br />

n<br />

i=1<br />

n<br />

|aij|,<br />

j=1<br />

n<br />

|aij| (4.6)<br />

j=1<br />

n<br />

i=1<br />

|aij|<br />

n<br />

|aij||xj| =<br />

j=1<br />

n<br />

j=1<br />

n<br />

|aij||xj| =<br />

i=1

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