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Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

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126 Aproximarea funct¸ionalelor liniare<br />

4·(9.2)−(9.3) ⇒<br />

ξ ∈ (x0 −2h,x0 +2h)<br />

3f ′ (x0) = 2<br />

h [f(x0 +h)−f(x0 −h)]−<br />

− 1<br />

4h [f(x0 +2h)−f(x0 −2h)]− h4<br />

30 f(5) ( ξ)+ 2h4<br />

15 f(5) ( ξ)<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

12h [f(x0 −2h)−8f(x) −h)+8f(x0+h)−f(x0+h)]+ h4<br />

30 f(5) (ξ)<br />

(am obt¸inut o formulă cu 5 puncte).<br />

Problema 9.1.6 Pornind <strong>de</strong> la formula<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

h [f(x0 +h)−f(x0)]− h<br />

2 f′′ (x0)− h2<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)+O(h 3 )<br />

<strong>de</strong>ducet¸i o formulăO(h 3 ) folosind extrapolarea.<br />

Solut¸ie.<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

12h [f(x0 +4h)−18f(x0 +2h)+32f(x0 +h)−21f(x0)]+O(h 3 )<br />

Problema 9.1.7 Să presupunem că avem tabela <strong>de</strong> extrapolare<br />

N1(h)<br />

<br />

h<br />

N1<br />

N2(h) 2 <br />

h<br />

N3(h)<br />

N1<br />

4<br />

N2<br />

h<br />

2<br />

construită pentru a aproximaM cu formula<br />

M = N1(h)+K1h 2 +K2h 4 +K3h 6<br />

a) Arătat¸i că polinomul liniar <strong>de</strong> interpolare P0,1(h) ce trece prin punctele<br />

(h2 ,N1(h)) s¸i (h2 /4,N1(h/2))<br />

<br />

satisfaceP0,1(0) = N2(h).<br />

h<br />

La fel P1,2(0) = N2 , 2<br />

b) Arătat¸i că polinomul P0,2(h) ce trece prin (h4 <br />

h4 ,N2(h)) s¸i 16 ,N2<br />

<br />

h<br />

2<br />

<br />

satisfaceP0,2(0)<br />

= N3(h).<br />

Generalizare.

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