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Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

Culegere de probleme de Analiz˘a numeric˘a

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9.1. Derivare numerică 125<br />

Solut¸ie. Se aplică formula lui Taylor<br />

f(x0 +h) = f(x0)+4f ′ (x0)+ 1<br />

2 h2 f ′′ (x0)+ 1<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)+ 1<br />

24 h4 f (4) (ξ1)<br />

f(x0 −h) = f(x0)−hf ′ (x0)+ 1<br />

2 h2 f ′′ (x0)− 1<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)+ 1<br />

24 h4 f (4) (ξ2)<br />

f(x0 +h)−f(x0 −h) = 2f(x0)+h 2 f ′′ (x0)+ 1<br />

24 [f(4) (ξ1)+f (4) (ξ2)]<br />

f ′′ (x0) = 1<br />

h 2[f(x0 +h)−2f(x0)+f(x0 −h)]− h2<br />

12 f(4) (ξ2)<br />

Problema 9.1.4 Stabilit¸i formula<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

24 [f(x0 +h)−f(x0 −h)]− h2<br />

6 f(3) (ξ), ξ ∈ (x0 −h,x0 +h)<br />

Solut¸ie. Cu Taylor<br />

Problema 9.1.5 (Aplicarea extrapolării Richardson) Pornind <strong>de</strong> la formula<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

24 [f(x0 +h)−f(x0 −2h)]− h2<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)− h4<br />

120 f(5) (ξ)<br />

obt¸inet¸i o formulăO(h 4 ) folosind extrapolarea Richardson.<br />

Solut¸ie. Să stabilim întâi formula <strong>de</strong> pornire<br />

+ 1<br />

f(x) = f(x0)−f ′ (x0)(x−x0)+ 1<br />

2 f′′ (x0)(x−x0) 2 +<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)(x−x0) 3 + 1<br />

24 f(4) (x0)(x−x0) 4 + 1<br />

120 f(5) (ξ)(x−x0) 5<br />

Scăzând <strong>de</strong>zvoltările lui f(x0 +h) s¸i f(x0 −h) obt¸inem<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

2h [f(x0 +h)−f(x0 −h)]− h2<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)− h4<br />

120 f(5)( ξ1), (9.2)<br />

Făcând în (9.2)h = 2h avem<br />

ξ ∈ (x0 −h,x0 +h)<br />

f ′ (x0) = 1<br />

4h [f(x0 +2h)−f(x0 −2h)]− 4h2<br />

6 f′′′ (x0)− 16h4<br />

120 f(5) ( ξ) (9.3)

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