Publicatie cu continut integral - Asociatia Tinerilor Istorici din Moldova

internaţionale, unei societăţi democratice. Din punct de vedere economic însă, or reforma a vizat în primul rînd
reformarea agriculturii din puncte de vedere economic, împroprietărirea ţăranilor a dus la o parcelare excesivă a
exploatărilor agricole, ceea ce a avut drept consecinţă diminuarea productivităţii muncii în complexul agroindustrial
şi, drept rezultat, o scădere radicală a volumului producţiei agricole în republică, şi aceasta în toate ramurile
(zootehnie, fitotehnie, industria conservelor, vinificaţia etc.). Reforma a modificat radical şi modul de viaţă al
ţăranilor moldoveni, altădată simpli angajaţi în sectorul agrar al RSSM, pomeniţi în cîţiva ani „proprietari”de terenuri
agricole pe care nu aveau cu ce să le prelucreze-nici sub aspectul tehnicii agricole, nici al îngrăşămintelor,
pesticidelor etc., neavînd, aşadar, nici o posibilitate de a obţine rezultate satisfăcătoare în urma muncii lor.Astfel,
în condiţiile unei agriculturi absolut ineficiente, de subzistenţă, ţărănimea a început să se desţărănizeze, emigrînd
peste hotarele ţării în căutarea unui loc de muncă.
Toate cele expuse mai sus ne fac să apreciem procesul reformei agrare desfăşurate în Republica Moldova în
ultimii 15 ani drept un mare eşec, nu doar sub aspect economic, ci şi sub aspect social.
Summary
During the last decade of the past century (so-called transition period), Republic of Moldova was characterized
by a wide process of reforming the economy, especially in the area of property. One of the main areas of general
property reform was the land property.
Starting from 1989 the land property was transferred, step by step, in private property, maintaining a limited
state-owned sector. During 1992-1996 the process of land distributing toward peasants was extremely lent, and
only starting with 1998 the process begun to take more speed. As result of land distribution to farmers, in 2002
the most of the lands were already private, but extremely divided into a small exploitations-very hard to be used
in a modern agriculture .The agricultural output diminished by more than a half compared with 1990/1991 data.
However, after the distribution of lands in private property, the most of it became loaned from peasants by big
agricultural companies (75 % of lands in 2002 were consolidated in exploitations of more than 100 hectares).
The process of reform caused very important mutations in the peasant’s way of life and even in the field of their
mentality. We consider that the perception of the agricultural reform is quite different from the content of reform
under formal aspects. Another goal of this article is also to draft some considerations for clearing the processes
in the field of studying the problem of changing mentality and reform perception by peasants in post-communist
Moldova. It is important to know from this viewpoint that the agricultural reform in Moldova was caused the
emergence of some new social classes by comparison with Soviet period-the big land owners, the small land
owners (not really a capitalist social class in Moldova) and those with no land in property, imposed to work for an
extremely small wage in agriculture. As result of it, a big part of small owners and those with no land in property
were imposed to emigrate out border searching for a better life, the process of emigration being an aspect of disappearing
of peasants as an important social category in Moldova.
The short evolution of the process of land property transformation, under economic, juridical and statistical
aspects, as well as the transformations in the area on mentality is the subject of the article to follow.
Bibliografie
1. Konstitutsia Soyuza Sovetskih Socialističeskih Respublik, Moskva, 1977.
2. Legi, hotărîri şi alte acte adoptate de către sesiunea a cincea a Sovietului Suprem al RSS Moldova de legislatura a douăsprezecea,
vol.II, Chişinău, 1991.
3. Legi, hotărîri şi alte acte adoptate de către sesiunea a cincea a Sovietului Suprem al RSS Moldova de legislatura a douăsprezecea,
vol.III, Chişinău, 1991.
4. Legislaţia funciară, Chişinău, 1996.
5. Monitorul Oficial, nr.147-149, Chişinău, 2001.
6. Sobranie postanovlenii pravite’stva SSSR, nr. 19-20, Moskva, 1989.
7. Veştile Congresului Deputaţilor Poporului şi ale Sovietului Suprem al Uniunii Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste, nr. 9,
Moscova, 1990.
8. Veştile Congresului Deputaţilor Poporului şi ale Sovietului Suprem al Uniunii Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste, nr. 11,
Moscova, 1990.
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