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Bibliografie BOICO, L., 2005. Cadrul legislativ – un factor al activităţii organizaţiilor neguvernamentale (Cazul Republicii Moldova), în Analele Ştiinţifice ale USM. Chişinău. vol III, 26-31. Dicţionar de civilizaţie greacă. Bucureşti, 1998. DE TOCVILI, A., 2000. demokratija v amerike. Moskva. DUŠAN Ondrušek i dr.., 2003. Hrestomatija dlja necomerčeskih organizacij. Bratislava FIODOROV G., 2003. Grajdanskoe obščestvo i gosudadarstvo, v Zacon i žyzni, nr. 10, 18-22. GORODECKAJA, I., 2001. Dobrovol’ a skoe dviženie v SŠA, In IMĚMO, №1. 80. istoja srednij vekov, Moskva, 1955. PUTNAM, R.D. ş.a., 2001. Cum funcţionează democraţia. Tradiţiile civice ale italiei moderne. Bucureşti. 2000. Statutul de utilitate publică a organizaţiilor necomerciale din Moldova. Chişinău. – 0 – © lilia BOiCO, 008
latGale as lIeUX De MeMOIRe: re-tHınKınG Hıstorıes and constructınG ıdentıtıes ın natıonalıstıc ımaGınatıon 1 – 0 – maksym W. KYRCzaniW Voronezh State University Modern Latgale, like Vidzeme, Kurzeme and Zemgale, is one of the Latvian regions. Latgale has it own history. Historical processes in this region were not like processes which took place in other Latvian territories. Contacts between local Balts and their Slavic neighbors led to changes in Latgale. That is why Latgale got unique features in language, culture and religious preferences of local Latvians. In the same time history of Latgale wasn’t part of Latvian history in general. Latgale belonged to Poland ant later, in the 19th century, it was part of Vitebskaia guberniia. Local Latgalian intellectuals were not among active Latvian nationalists. By the beginning of the 20th century among Latvians were many Latvian nationalists and Riga become the center of Latvian National Revival. Latgalian region didn’t play remarkable role as it did it during early political history of Latvia. In the same time Latgale was less developed territory then other lands. In general Latgale was backward region. It lived due the laws of «narrow provincialism», local political, cultural and national processes had ultra-local mainly regional, non Latvian, character. National leaders of non-Russian movements in other okraina regions and national outskirts in Russian Empire also often underlined such facts 2 . Latvian intellectual of the Soviet era L. Taivans presumed that Latgale was territory where old archaic culture dominated 3 . In Latgale, due theories of Regional Studies 4 , non-communicative identity developed. By the beginning of the 1900s important status of Latgale was in the past and the region was typical periphery 5 . German historian Hans Heinrich Nolte presumes that lands, like Latgale, were separated from other Latvian lands by political “failure” 6 . Sidney Pollard presumes that such un-developed lands existed in conditions of permanent provincialization of local political and cultural norms 7 . National Awaking begun here later, in the beginning of the 20th century, but after Russian revolution (1917) by 1920 Latvian intellectuals were able to unite Latgale with other Latvian lands. That is why, on political map of Europe latvijas republika, new state, appeared. In inter-war Latvia local Latgalian intellectuals got opportunities for development of their culture and language, but after political upheaval in 1934, when Kārlis ulmanis went to power, Latgalian was prohibited. When Latvia was occupied by Germans in 1941 Latgalians again got opportunities for development of their culture, but Soviet re-occupation in 1944/1945 led to restoration of anti-Latgalian policy. Latgale lost local unique features and transformed from region with status of periphery to part of Latvian SSR. Soviet ideologists proclaimed that Latgalians belonged to Latvian socialist nation. Latvian intellectuals begun to understand Medieval Latgale as local Latvian lieux de memoir only. Under lieux de memoir I understand as different historical phenomena like historiography, history of ideas (this viewpoint is characteristic mainly for French historiography) and geographically determined territories (this article is based on the second understanding). Latvian historians, during soviet occupation, also imagined Latgale in their own way, but as Latvian (not Latgalian) region. History of Medieval Latgale was artificially written in All-Latvian context. In the same time it was understandable in categories of social and economic history. National heritage was ignored and in historical concepts it was replaced by meta-narratives about ruling role of the Great Russian People or participation of Latgalian workers and peasants in class struggle or revolutionary movement. Latgalian intellectuals in diaspora continued to use Latgalian language and cultivated their own narratives about Latgale. In the Latvia 1 I am thankful to Dr. Tuomas Lehtonen (Finnish Literature Society), prof. Thomas Lindkvist (Göteborg University), Alexander Andreeff (Gothenburg University), Eva Eihmane (University of Latvia), Marek Tamm (Tallinn University) for their interesting remarks which were very helpful for writing of this paper. 2 DONTSOV, 2001, 72. 3 TAIVAN, 1988, 21. 4 DIKMANN, 2001, 74. DIKMANN, 2001, 74. 5 NITTS, 2001, 32. 6 NOL’TE, 2001, 51 – 61. 7 POLLARD, POLLARD, 1995, 121 – 136. Analele ANTIM. Revistă de istorie, 8, 2008, p. 207-215
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analele asocıaŢıeı naŢıonale
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cuprıns epoca antică Corneliu Bel
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Epoca antică - -
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diman, 2003c, 2003d, 2004b, 2004d).
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effectifs et typologie Plus de la m
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technologiques et culturelle durant
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CÂRCIUMARU M., MĂRGĂRIT M. et al
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Fig. 2. Art mobilier au Paléolithi
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ıdentıtate socıală Şı podoaBe
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IIIb-IIIc, etapa de locuire A. Pies
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Cronica cercetărilor arheologice d
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Fig. . Valve de Unio sp. aparţinâ
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Dunării a trecut prin teritoriul d
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ea a fost catalogată ca un mare ca
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cunoaşte dacă exista şi un recip
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înşiruire ne poate oferi o idee
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BıBlıoGraFıe cataloaGe Price 199
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Poenaru Bordea 2001 - Gh. Poenaru B
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consıderaŢıı prıvınd Încadra
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proporţia acestora. În total au f
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ZusammenFassunG ÜBerleGunGen Zur K
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Fig. 4. Vârfuri de lance din epoca
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Plecând de la aceste observaţii,
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venind din flota de la Misena, ce s
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După reprimarea marilor răscoale
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Claudia, la Durostorum (Silistra),
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Archaeology dell’Universitá di S
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draGomır, ı. t. 1 . Descoperiri a
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a. b. Fig. 1. Bărboşi. Promontori
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arHeoloGıe Şı polıtıcă: caZul
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şi au construit un stil maiestuos,
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cultura drıdu Şı evoluŢıa poZ
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istorice ale unor realităţi arheo
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lui Adrian Păunescu la începutul
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omâni în timpul regimului comunis
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Ages: Issues and Readings, Oxford,
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neapărat să explice vizitatorilor
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determınărı & dımensıunı ale
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utilizează fonduri de stat - au î
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teorıa celor două popoare - stud
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„din secolul al Vi-lea până la
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leme neclarificate. La acestea adă
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elaŢııle domnılor moldoveı cu
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în perioada pribegiilor sale la ac
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ınFluenŢa unıverstăŢıı dın
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Košice, cum ar fi, spre exemplu, u
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extindere, cîţiva studenţi de la
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Majoritatea studenţilor de la Koš
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estul Germaniei. În 1599 Bocacius
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tät, Land und Konfession 1500 bis
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Fig. 1: Universităţile germane ex
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de la Oliva, ci a încheiat separat
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Grecıı În comerŢul cu ımperıu
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proveneau din dările pe vite 1 şi
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iStORia ROmÂnilOR 2003, vol. V, Ed
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îi permitea să-şi formeze o opin
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Cât priveşte St. Leszczynski, dat
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vizată doi sultani au fost înlăt
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suedezul în schiţa lui Nicolae Mu
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alta. Acest proces şi războaiele
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În aceste condiţii, singura solu
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Militantul pentru idealurile naţio
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Bibliografie BODEA, D., 2000. Cuvâ
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evoluŢıa ımaGoloGıcă a revolu
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fost creat prin discursul politic,
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Poporul a fost perceput ca un compl
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orchestrate de soldaţii secui. Act
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capabil de a sensibiliza o populaţ
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olul noBılımıı În vıaŢa puBl
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ton de Verrayon se propune; a scoat
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ezumé L’article ,,Le rôle de la
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olul Şı locul mınorıtăŢılor
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aspecte ale proGramuluı Şı actı
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Manifestul din 17 octombrie 1905 a
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- fracţiunea „Trudovicilor”, c
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Cоnform informaţiilor secrete, or
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elaborate de către Comitetul unit
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Page 187 and 188: ÎnvăŢămÎntul ıstorıc superı
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Page 193 and 194: Bibliografie BURLACU, Valentin, 200
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Page 213 and 214: intellectuals in Latgale were very
Page 215 and 216: BREŽGO, B., 1940, Latgalos zemniek
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Page 229 and 230: MAJDÚ, Tibor, NAGY, Zsuza L. 1990.
Page 231 and 232: c) comentarii ale presei dobrogene
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Page 237 and 238: Bibliografie BERSTEIN, Serge, MILZA
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Page 241 and 242: Tabelul 2 Distribuirea cotelor-păr
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„cu alte republici ce şi-au proc
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ımplıcaŢıı Geopolıtıce ale u
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în localităţile locuite preponde
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natală. De fapt, aceasta s-a făcu
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polıtıca statuluı FaŢă de ınt
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Politica statului sovietic faţă d
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5. АRTOBOLEVSKII I., VLADISLAVLEV
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Recenzii - 1 -
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În rezultatul analizei pieselor de
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ografia de la sfârşitul lucrării
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comprehension that besides the prom
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