Biodiesel obtinut prin tratarea cu gaz bogat in hidrogen a ... - ICIA
Biodiesel obtinut prin tratarea cu gaz bogat in hidrogen a ... - ICIA Biodiesel obtinut prin tratarea cu gaz bogat in hidrogen a ... - ICIA
Biodiesel obtinut prin tratarea cu gaz bogat in hidrogen a acizilor grasi si a esterilor si gliceridelor acestora”, BIOHID INCDO-INOE 2000, Filiala Institutul de Cercetari pentru Instrumentatie Analitica, ICIA, Cluj-Napoca Prof.Dr. Alexandru NAGHIU Proiect nr. 71041/2007
- Page 2 and 3: Parteneri Buget/ Cofinantare Adresa
- Page 4 and 5: Energia regenerabilă în Romania
- Page 6 and 7: Foaia de parcurs pentru energia reg
- Page 8 and 9: Rezultate proiect
- Page 10 and 11: Documentatie tehnologica privind hi
- Page 12 and 13: Etapa 2: Realizare instalatie de la
- Page 14 and 15: Schema tehnologica de obtinere dire
- Page 16 and 17: Etapa 3: Cercetari experimentale de
- Page 18 and 19: Presiunea / Temperatura 400 350 300
- Page 20 and 21: • proiect electrolizor • calcul
- Page 22 and 23: Etapa 5: Realizareare instalatie mo
- Page 24 and 25: • S-au elaborat Instructiuni de l
- Page 26 and 27: Generatorul HRG Detaliu celula exep
- Page 28 and 29: Stand de testare
- Page 30 and 31: Diagrama de lucru a generatorului i
- Page 32 and 33: Diseminare • Consideratii privind
<strong>Biodiesel</strong> <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong> <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> <strong>cu</strong><br />
<strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor<br />
grasi si a esterilor si gliceridelor<br />
acestora”, BIOHID<br />
INCDO-INOE 2000, Filiala<br />
Institutul de Cercetari pentru Instrumentatie<br />
Analitica, <strong>ICIA</strong>, Cluj-Napoca<br />
Prof.Dr. Alexandru NAGHIU<br />
Proiect nr. 71041/2007
Parteneri<br />
Buget/<br />
Cof<strong>in</strong>antare<br />
Adresa web<br />
• P1: NACHEMA ENGINEERING<br />
S.R.L., Fagaras.<br />
• P2: SC Rokura Aplicatii Industriale<br />
SRL, Bu<strong>cu</strong>resti,<br />
• P3: Universitatea POLITEHNICA<br />
Bu<strong>cu</strong>resti – Centrul de Cercetari<br />
Termice<br />
• 1.217.390 lei/<br />
• 87.092 lei<br />
• http://www.icia.ro/proiect.<br />
aspx?pID=92
Obiectiv<br />
Noutate<br />
Beneficiari<br />
• <strong>Biodiesel</strong> <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong> <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen a acizilor grasi<br />
si a esterilor si gliceridelor acestora<br />
• Instalatie pilot de tratare catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen<br />
• Tehnologie de obt<strong>in</strong>ere biodiesel de generatie a doua:<br />
• utilizeaza un tratament catalitic de im<strong>bogat</strong>ire <strong>cu</strong> un <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong> <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong> electrolitic d<strong>in</strong> apa - producerea unui „biodiesel<br />
reformulat”<br />
• Instalatia pilot<br />
• are la baza parametrii tehnologici operationali <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>i separat pe l<strong>in</strong>iile<br />
tehnologice traditionale de obt<strong>in</strong>ere a biodieselului si pe cei <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>i <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>stalatia pilot de producere d<strong>in</strong> apa a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>,<br />
• dest<strong>in</strong>ata tratarii catalitice sau necatalitice a combustibililor fosili<br />
• P1: NACHEMA ENGINEERING S.R.L. Fagaras;<br />
• P2: ROKURA APLICATII INDUSTRIALE SRL Bu<strong>cu</strong>resti<br />
• Producatorii de biocombustibil diesel de calitate superioara, de generatia a<br />
II a
Energia regenerabilă în Romania
• Legea 220 – Legea pentru stabilirea sistemului de promovare a productiei<br />
de energie d<strong>in</strong> surse regenerabile a fost reevaluata <strong>in</strong> Parlament <strong>in</strong> 10 feb.<br />
2010.<br />
• Pentru Romania este important sa aiba un mix de diferite energii d<strong>in</strong> surse<br />
regenerabile. Furnizarea energiei trebuie asigurata cont<strong>in</strong>uu <strong>in</strong>diferent de<br />
conditiile meteorologice.<br />
• Comisia Europeana a stabilit ca t<strong>in</strong>ta pentru reducerea emisiilor de <strong>gaz</strong>e <strong>cu</strong><br />
efect de sera d<strong>in</strong> tarile dezvoltate, reducerea acestora <strong>cu</strong> 30% pana <strong>in</strong> 2020<br />
si s-a angajat deja sa-si reduca propriile emisii <strong>cu</strong> cel put<strong>in</strong> 20% si va creste<br />
aceasta reducere <strong>in</strong> temeiul unui acord global satisfacator.<br />
• In ianuarie 2007, Comisia Europeana a prezentat o "Foaie de par<strong>cu</strong>rs<br />
pentru energia regenerabila", ca parte d<strong>in</strong> pachetul sau "energie-schimbari<br />
climatice". Aceasta foaie de par<strong>cu</strong>rs a fost aprobata de Comisie <strong>in</strong> martie<br />
2007<br />
• Directiva-cadru pentru RES d<strong>in</strong> 2008: Romania trebuie sa asigure<br />
▫ o cota de 24% energie d<strong>in</strong> RES, d<strong>in</strong> consumul f<strong>in</strong>al de energie <strong>in</strong> 2020,<br />
▫ o cota de cel put<strong>in</strong> 10% energie <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>a d<strong>in</strong> biocombustibili, d<strong>in</strong> consumul f<strong>in</strong>al<br />
de energie <strong>in</strong> transporturi pana <strong>in</strong> anul 2020
Foaia de par<strong>cu</strong>rs pentru energia<br />
regenerabila<br />
▫ O t<strong>in</strong>ta obligatorie, ca 20% d<strong>in</strong> consumul total de<br />
energie al UE sa prov<strong>in</strong>a d<strong>in</strong> surse regenerabile pana<br />
<strong>in</strong> 2020;<br />
▫ O t<strong>in</strong>ta m<strong>in</strong>ima obligatorie pentru fiecare stat<br />
membru:<br />
cel put<strong>in</strong> 10% d<strong>in</strong> consumul de combustibil pentru<br />
transporturi, sa fie d<strong>in</strong> biocombustibili.<br />
Caracterul obligatoriu al acestui obiectiv:<br />
<strong>cu</strong> privire la productie: sa fie sustenabila<br />
<strong>cu</strong> privire la a doua generatie de biocombustibili: sa dev<strong>in</strong>a<br />
disponibila <strong>in</strong> sens comercial
Avantaje biodiesel<br />
• biodieselul poate fi folosit <strong>in</strong> orice motor conventional nemodificat;<br />
• biodieselul poate fi utilizat <strong>in</strong> stare pura, sau <strong>in</strong> amestec <strong>cu</strong> motor<strong>in</strong>a;<br />
• biodieselul are proprietati de ungere mult mai bune decat ale motor<strong>in</strong>ei, <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
utilizarea sa spor<strong>in</strong>du-se durata de exploatare a motoarelor, fi<strong>in</strong>d recomandabil<br />
utilizarii pe scara larga <strong>in</strong> amestesc <strong>cu</strong> noile motor<strong>in</strong>e „uscate”, <strong>cu</strong>m sunt cele Euro 5,<br />
care au slabe proprietati de lubrifiere datorita absentei Sulfului.<br />
• biodieselul are o temperatura de a<strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong>dere mai ridicata decat a motor<strong>in</strong>ei, si de<br />
aceea, este mult mai sigur la transport.<br />
• consumul specific, puterea nom<strong>in</strong>ala si <strong>cu</strong>plul maxim sunt aproximativ neafectate<br />
<strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> utilizarea biodieselului, s<strong>in</strong>gurul „<strong>in</strong>convenient” fi<strong>in</strong>d mirosul caracteristic al<br />
„uleiului de cartofi prajiti”<br />
• cont<strong>in</strong>utul de oxigen joaca un rol important <strong>in</strong> transformarea uleiurilor si grasimilor<br />
drept combustibili diesel <strong>cu</strong>rati;<br />
• esterii constituenti ai biodieselului, avand vascozitati mai reduse decat ai uleiurilor si<br />
grasimilor vegetale, ofera calitati de <strong>in</strong>jectie „ne-alterate” <strong>in</strong> comparatie <strong>cu</strong> cele ale<br />
motor<strong>in</strong>ei. Chiar se poate spune ca acestia imbunatatesc procesul de <strong>in</strong>jectie<br />
asigurand o mai buna atomizare a combustibilului <strong>in</strong> camera de ardere.<br />
• biodieselul reduce <strong>cu</strong> 90% ris<strong>cu</strong>l producerii cancerului,<br />
• biodieselul este o sursa „domestica”, regenerabila de energie.<br />
• biodieselul este biodegradabil
Rezultate proiect
Etapa 1: Studii tehnologice priv<strong>in</strong>d <strong>hidrogen</strong>area acizilor grasi<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>uti <strong>in</strong> uleiuri vegetale si <strong>in</strong> grasimile animale<br />
Buget<br />
Achizitii<br />
Obiective<br />
• Buget de stat: 32.640 lei<br />
• Cof<strong>in</strong>antare: 3.160 lei<br />
•-<br />
• A1.1 hidroliza trigliceridelor<br />
• A1.2 <strong>hidrogen</strong>area acizilor grasi si a<br />
esterilor acestora
Do<strong>cu</strong>mentatie<br />
tehnologica<br />
priv<strong>in</strong>d<br />
hidroliza<br />
trigliceridelor<br />
Do<strong>cu</strong>mentatie<br />
tehnologica<br />
priv<strong>in</strong>d<br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong>area<br />
acizilor grasi<br />
si a esterilor<br />
acestora<br />
• Prezentarea <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong>cipalilor combustibili alternativi<br />
utilizati <strong>in</strong> transporturi<br />
• Hidroliza trigliceridelor<br />
• Hidroliza triacilglicerolilor<br />
• Hidroliza enzimatica<br />
• Mecanismul general al hidrolizei enzimatice a unui<br />
ester mediata de o hidrolaza d<strong>in</strong> clasa<br />
ser<strong>in</strong>proteazelor (<strong>in</strong>clusiv lipaze)<br />
• Hidrogenarea acizilor grasi si a esterilor acestora<br />
• Caracterizarea Hidrogenului<br />
• Caracterizarea Hidrogenului<br />
• Obt<strong>in</strong>erea Hidrogenului <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> electroliza KLEIN<br />
• Studii experimentale priv<strong>in</strong>d HRG
O<br />
O<br />
C<br />
H<br />
complex enzimă-substrat <strong>in</strong>termediar tetraedric acil enzimă<br />
O<br />
O<br />
H<br />
N<br />
1 2<br />
N<br />
H<br />
O<br />
H<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C1<br />
R2<br />
Cromatograma totala de ioni care<br />
ilustreaza cont<strong>in</strong>utul de H 2 d<strong>in</strong> <strong>gaz</strong>ul HRG<br />
C<br />
O<br />
H N N H<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C<br />
R2<br />
-<br />
N N<br />
R1<br />
H<br />
O<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C1<br />
R1<br />
O<br />
1<br />
R2<br />
4<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C H N N H<br />
O<br />
5<br />
H<br />
N N<br />
acil enzimă <strong>in</strong>termediar tetraedric Complex enzimă produs<br />
O<br />
O<br />
O -<br />
C 1<br />
R2<br />
Mecanismul hidrolizei esterilor catalizata de lipaze<br />
C<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C<br />
H<br />
O<br />
O<br />
N<br />
H<br />
3<br />
N<br />
R1 OH<br />
grupă fugace<br />
6<br />
H<br />
H<br />
O<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C 1<br />
R2<br />
O<br />
O<br />
C 1<br />
R2<br />
Cromatograma totala de ioni care ilustreaza<br />
varfurile corespunzatoare H 2 si O 2 ,<br />
pre<strong>cu</strong>m si varfurile unor compusi atipici d<strong>in</strong><br />
compozitia HRG
Etapa 2: Realizare <strong>in</strong>stalatie de laborator de tratare catalitica a<br />
acizilor grasi, a esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong><br />
<strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen<br />
Buget<br />
Achizitii<br />
obiectiv<br />
• Buget de stat: 280.600 lei<br />
• Cof<strong>in</strong>antare: 32.650 lei<br />
• 11,45% d<strong>in</strong> total etapa<br />
• Aparat pentru determ<strong>in</strong>area coroziunii pe lama de<br />
<strong>cu</strong>pru (CO: <strong>ICIA</strong> Cluj-Napoca/32.122 lei).<br />
• Reactor catalitic –blaz s<strong>in</strong>teze <strong>in</strong>ox (P1: NACHEMA<br />
Fagaras/11.042 lei<br />
• A2.1 tehnologie si <strong>in</strong>stalatie de laborator de tratare catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor grasi, a esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora - proiectare<br />
• A2.2 <strong>in</strong>stalatie de laborator de tratare catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a<br />
acizilor grasi, a esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora
A2.1<br />
A2.2<br />
• Tehnologie de laborator de tratare catalitica<br />
<strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor grasi, a<br />
esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora - proiect<br />
• Instalatie de laborator de tratare catalitica <strong>cu</strong><br />
<strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor grasi, a<br />
esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora - proiect<br />
• Instalatie de laborator de tratare catalitica<br />
<strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor grasi, a<br />
esterilor si a gliceridelor acestora – realizata<br />
• Componenta <strong>in</strong>stalatiei<br />
• Montare si punere <strong>in</strong> functiune<br />
• Descrierea functionarii <strong>in</strong>stalatiei:<br />
modul cont<strong>in</strong>uu si modul secvential
Schema tehnologica de obt<strong>in</strong>ere<br />
directa a biodieselului si a<br />
hidrocarburilor <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area<br />
<strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a<br />
trigliceridelor<br />
Esterificare<br />
Metil esteri de acizi grasi ‐ biodiesel<br />
Hidrogenare (biodiesel) catalitica<br />
Alcool oleic + metanol<br />
Hidrogenare catalitica<br />
Hidrocarburi (n‐octadecan)<br />
Metanol<br />
Trigliceride (uleiuri vegetale)<br />
Hidrogenare<br />
catalitica<br />
Acizi grasi nesaturati + glicer<strong>in</strong>a<br />
Separare<br />
Acizi grasi saturati si<br />
nesaturati<br />
Hidrogenare<br />
catalitica<br />
Acizi grasi saturati si<br />
nesaturati + metanol<br />
Distilare<br />
Alcooli grasi saturati si<br />
nesaturati + metanol<br />
T = 200 ‐ 300 °C<br />
P = 10 –30 barr<br />
t 1 (durata)<br />
Glicer<strong>in</strong>a<br />
T = 200 ‐ 300 °C<br />
P = 10 –30 barr<br />
t 2 (durata)<br />
Hidrogenare catalitica<br />
Alcool oleic + metanol<br />
Hidrogenare catalitica<br />
Hidrocarburi (n‐octadecan)
Reactorul – vedere laterala<br />
Instalatie BIOHID
Etapa 3: Cercetari experimentale de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d <strong>tratarea</strong><br />
catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen a acizilor grasi, a<br />
esterilor si a gliceridelor<br />
Buget<br />
Achizitii<br />
Obiective<br />
• Buget de stat: 547.525lei<br />
• Cof<strong>in</strong>antare: 13.935 lei<br />
• 13,14% d<strong>in</strong> total etapa<br />
• Sistem de monitorizare si control al performantelor<br />
functionale ale motoarelor (P3: UPB- CTT/71.960 lei)<br />
• A3.1 Experimentari de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor grasi <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area<br />
catalitica a acizilor grasi liberi<br />
• A3.2 Experimentari de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area<br />
catalitica a esterilor grasi liberi<br />
• A3.3 Experimentari de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> catalitica<br />
<strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a gliceridelor acestora<br />
• A3.4 Experimentari de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d obt<strong>in</strong>erea n-alcanilor <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area<br />
catalitica a alcoolilor grasi<br />
• A3.5 Experimentari de laborator priv<strong>in</strong>d obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor grasi <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong><br />
catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor grasi si a esterilor acestora<br />
• A3.6 Schema tehnologica si demonstrare la scara de laborator a tehnologiei de<br />
obt<strong>in</strong>ere a biodieselului <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a acizilor<br />
grasi, a esterilor si gliceridelorn acestora<br />
• A3.7 Cercetari experimentale pe stand, motor Diesel alimentat <strong>cu</strong> biodiesel - refer<strong>in</strong>ta
alcooli grasi, <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area catalitica a acizilor grasi liberi: Analizele cromatografice efectuate pentru<br />
reactia de <strong>hidrogen</strong>are catalitica a butiratului de metil au pus <strong>in</strong> evidenta o specie corespunzatoare<br />
alcoolului metilic, ceea ce demonstreaza ca <strong>hidrogen</strong>area <strong>in</strong> conditiile de lucru alese conduce la obt<strong>in</strong>erea<br />
alcoolilor<br />
alcooli, <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area catalitica a esterilor grasi liberi:Analiza cromatografica a evidentiat clar o<br />
specia <strong>cu</strong> timp de retentie = 2,376 m<strong>in</strong>ute corespunzatoare alcoolului metilic, ceea ce demonstreaza ca<br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong>area <strong>in</strong> conditiile de lucru alese conduce la obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor<br />
alcooli <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a gliceridelor acestora: Analiza cromatografica<br />
efectuata a evidentiat clar o specie <strong>cu</strong> timp de retentie = 2,376 m<strong>in</strong>ute (clar evidentiata pe cromatograma)<br />
corespunzatoare alcoolului metilic, ceea ce demonstreaza ca <strong>hidrogen</strong>area <strong>in</strong> conditiile de lucru alese<br />
conduce la obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor<br />
n-alcan, <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>area catalitica a alcoolilor grasi: Analiza cromatografica efectuata a evidentiat clar<br />
o specie <strong>cu</strong> timp de retentie = 2,376 m<strong>in</strong>ute (clar evidentiata pe cromatograma) corespunzatoare alcoolului<br />
metilic, ceea ce demonstreaza ca <strong>hidrogen</strong>area <strong>in</strong> conditiile de lucru alese conduce la obt<strong>in</strong>erea alcoolilor<br />
def<strong>in</strong>itivarea schemei tehnologice de a biodieselului <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> catalitica <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> a<br />
acizilor grasi, a esterilor si gliceridelorn acestora; s-au identificat problemele cheie si modul de rezolvare a<br />
acestora<br />
Diesel: experimentele efectuate <strong>in</strong> scopul demonstrarii functionalitatii tehnologiei elaborate au evidentiat<br />
obt<strong>in</strong>erea unui diesel ai carui parametri se <strong>in</strong>scriu <strong>in</strong> normele accepatate pentru biodiesel<br />
teste <strong>cu</strong> un biodiesel de refer<strong>in</strong>ta, <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong> <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong>tr-o reactie de transesterificare <strong>cu</strong> metanol utilizand un motor<br />
<strong>cu</strong> a<strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong>dere <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> comprimare tip UTB D2404055/56, 50 kW/2400 rpm; 56k W/2400 rpm, producator<br />
Tractorul Brasov-ROMANIA. Rezultatele <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>e vor fi considerate ca refer<strong>in</strong>ta pentru testele care vor fi<br />
efectuate <strong>in</strong> cadrul etapelor viitoare ale proiectului <strong>cu</strong> biodiesul <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong> <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> tehnologia BIOHID
Presiunea / Temperatura<br />
400<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
14 01<br />
14 10<br />
Hidrogenarea butiratului de metil 1% <strong>in</strong> n-Hexan (GC) pe catalizator de<br />
Pd, <strong>cu</strong> H 2<br />
14 18<br />
14 26<br />
14 34<br />
14 42<br />
14 50<br />
14 58<br />
15 06<br />
15 14<br />
15 22<br />
15 30<br />
15 38<br />
15 46<br />
15 54<br />
16 02<br />
16 10<br />
16 18<br />
16 26<br />
16 34<br />
Intervalul, (hh mm)<br />
16 42<br />
16 50<br />
16 58<br />
17 06<br />
17 14<br />
17 22<br />
17 30<br />
17 38<br />
17 46<br />
Presiunea,<br />
psi<br />
Temperatura,<br />
°C<br />
Injection pressures [bar]<br />
Cromatograma reactantilor si produsilor<br />
reactiei de <strong>hidrogen</strong>are catalitica<br />
Eng<strong>in</strong>e 2404.050, n=2400rpm, Load 100%<br />
INJPR_I Bar NEEDLE Microni INJPR_P Bar CIL.1 Bar<br />
780<br />
680<br />
580<br />
480<br />
380<br />
280<br />
180<br />
80<br />
-20<br />
0<br />
-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180<br />
Crankshaft angle [deg]<br />
Presiuni masurate <strong>in</strong> conducta de <strong>in</strong>jectie, <strong>in</strong><br />
cil<strong>in</strong>drul 1 si legea de ridicare a a<strong>cu</strong>lui<br />
<strong>in</strong>jectorului<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
Cyl<strong>in</strong>der 1 pressure [bar]
Etapa 4: Proiectare subansamble <strong>in</strong>stalatie model functional<br />
de producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen<br />
Buget<br />
Achizitii<br />
Activitate<br />
• Buget de stat: 92.832 lei<br />
• Cof<strong>in</strong>antare: 5.978 lei<br />
• -<br />
• A4.1 subansamble <strong>in</strong>stalatie model functional de<br />
producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen - proiect
• proiect electrolizor<br />
• cal<strong>cu</strong>lul randamentului electrolizei, criteriile de<br />
dimensionare:<br />
▫ consumul specific de energie electrica necesara desfasurarii<br />
electrolizei (Nota: cal<strong>cu</strong>lul consumului specific ta fost dedus d<strong>in</strong><br />
determ<strong>in</strong>area randamentul electrolizei solutiei apoase)<br />
▫ cantitatea de <strong>gaz</strong> produsa.<br />
• matricile de cal<strong>cu</strong>l teoretic ale consumului specific de energie,<br />
raportat la atat la H2 cat si la HRG<br />
• specificatia tehnica a sistemului de alimentare <strong>cu</strong> energie<br />
electrica a grupului de electroliza d<strong>in</strong>amica<br />
• proiect generator de HRG care produce <strong>gaz</strong>ul <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong> <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> hidroliza apei dem<strong>in</strong>eralizate
Grupul de electroliza<br />
Schema de conexiuni (Dyn5) a<br />
transformatorului<br />
Rez<br />
H 2 O<br />
Pompa<br />
apa distilata<br />
Tanc 1 Tanc 2 Tanc 3<br />
+<br />
Celula electrolit<br />
Legenda:<br />
FM<br />
ARR<br />
ARR<br />
FM<br />
-pompa hidraulica<br />
ARR<br />
-debitmetru <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> H<br />
(componenta a generatorului)<br />
-arestor flacara<br />
-supapa de sens<br />
Schema functionala a generatorului HRG<br />
-filtru<br />
ARR
Etapa 5: Realizareare <strong>in</strong>stalatie model functional de producere<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> Hidrogen.<br />
Disem<strong>in</strong>are rezultate<br />
Buget<br />
Achizitii<br />
Activitate<br />
• Buget de stat: 176.701 lei<br />
• Cof<strong>in</strong>antare: 31.369 lei<br />
• -<br />
• A5.1 Proiectare subansamblu general <strong>in</strong>stalatie model functional de producere<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong> – def<strong>in</strong>itivare proiect<br />
• A5.2 Realizare <strong>in</strong>stalatie model functional de producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong> – def<strong>in</strong>itivare proiect<br />
• A5.3 Experimentare model functional de producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong><br />
• A5.5 Elaborare Standard de firma<br />
• A6.6 Identificare drepturi de proprietate<br />
• A6.7 Disem<strong>in</strong>are pe scara larga <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> comunicare si publicare
• S-a def<strong>in</strong>itivat proiectul subansamblului general al <strong>in</strong>stalatiei,<br />
model functional, de producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>hidrogen</strong><br />
▫ electroliza solutiei apoase de KOH de 16% masic, <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>a<br />
<strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> amestecarea apei dem<strong>in</strong>eralizate <strong>cu</strong> o solutie<br />
concentrata de 40% de KOH<br />
• S-a realizat <strong>in</strong>stalatia, model functional, de producere<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong><br />
• S-au elaborat:<br />
▫ Caietul de sarc<strong>in</strong>i – Generator HRG<br />
▫ Specificatia tehnica – Sistem de alimentare <strong>cu</strong> energie<br />
electrica a grupului de electroliza d<strong>in</strong>amica
• S-au elaborat Instructiuni de lucru pentru:<br />
Determ<strong>in</strong>area parametrilor optimali de lucru ai celulei de electroliza<br />
d<strong>in</strong>amica,<br />
Tratarea biodieselului / uleiurilor vegetale <strong>cu</strong> HRG la temperaturi de<br />
maxim 200 ºC si presiuni <strong>in</strong>itiale de <strong>in</strong>carcare de maxim 50 bari, <strong>in</strong>tr-o<br />
s<strong>in</strong>gura faza;<br />
Tratarea biodieselului / uleiurilor vegetale <strong>cu</strong> HRG la temperaturi de<br />
maxim 250 ºC si presiuni <strong>in</strong>itiale de <strong>in</strong>carcare de maxim 50 bari, <strong>in</strong> doua<br />
faze<br />
Tratarea biodieselului / uleiurilor vegetale <strong>cu</strong> HRG <strong>in</strong> sistem “on-l<strong>in</strong>e S-a<br />
realizat <strong>in</strong>stalatia, model functional, de producere cont<strong>in</strong>ua a <strong>gaz</strong>ului<br />
<strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong><br />
• S-au realizat experimente pentru:<br />
▫ verificarea functionala a pachetelor de electroliza<br />
▫ verificarea functionala a generatorului de HRG.<br />
Nota: La experimentele derulate <strong>in</strong>stalatia a corespuns, valorile <strong>obt<strong>in</strong>ut</strong>e <strong>in</strong>cadrandu-se<br />
<strong>in</strong> domeniile prescrise conform proiect.
• S-a elaborat Standardul de firma pentru Instalatia<br />
(model functional) de producere a unui biodesel<br />
imbunatatit <strong>pr<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>tratarea</strong> <strong>cu</strong> <strong>gaz</strong> <strong>bogat</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>hidrogen</strong>, HRG<br />
• S-a organizat o masa rotunda de prezentare
Generatorul HRG<br />
Detaliu celula exeprimentala
Sistem de achizitie<br />
Sistem masurare debit HRG
Stand de testare
Diagrama de lucru a pachetului de<br />
celule de electroliza nr. 1<br />
Diagrama de lucru a<br />
pachetului de celule de<br />
electroliza nr. 3<br />
Diagrama de lucru a pachetului de<br />
celule de electroliza nr. 2
Diagrama de lucru a generatorului<br />
<strong>in</strong> configuratia mixta<br />
(presiunea relativa de lucru: 5 bar)<br />
Diagrama de lucru a generatorului<br />
<strong>in</strong> configuratia seriala la presiunea<br />
de lucru egala <strong>cu</strong> presiunea<br />
atmosferica
Participare t<strong>in</strong>eri doctoranzi<br />
• <strong>ICIA</strong> Cluj-Napoca<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>toanu Mircea<br />
Pitl Gabriela<br />
Cadar Sergiu<br />
Senila Mar<strong>in</strong><br />
Gog Adriana Maria<br />
Roman Marius<br />
• UPB-CCT<br />
Ciobanu Crist<strong>in</strong>a masterand<br />
Birtas Adrian doctorand
Disem<strong>in</strong>are<br />
• Consideratii priv<strong>in</strong>d <strong>hidrogen</strong>area carburantilor tip<br />
biodiesel, Naghiu, Al., Ch<strong>in</strong>toanu, M.-S., Roman Cecilia, Pitl<br />
Gabriela, Agri<strong>cu</strong>ltura – sti<strong>in</strong>ta si practica, nr. 3-4 (67-68) / 2008,<br />
ISSN 1221-5317<br />
• Impactul <strong>hidrogen</strong>arii carburantilor tip biodiesel asupra<br />
calitatii acestora, Ch<strong>in</strong>toanu, M.-S., Roman Cecilia, Pitl,<br />
Gabriela, Agri<strong>cu</strong>ltura – sti<strong>in</strong>ta si practica, nr. 3-4 (67-68) / 2008,<br />
ISSN 1221-5317<br />
• First and second generation biofuels – biodiesel and<br />
bioethanol, Roman M. Afriana Gog, M.Ch<strong>in</strong>toanu, Gabriela Pitl,<br />
E.Luca, F_D Irimie, N.Burnete, Bulet<strong>in</strong> USAMN –CN, 2009, ISSN<br />
1454-2382 (<strong>in</strong> press)<br />
• Assessment of second generation biodiesel production by<br />
treatment of fatty acid methyl esters with a hydrogen rich<br />
gas, Al<strong>in</strong> Ironim Mihaltan, Cerasel Varaticeanu, Cristian Pet<strong>cu</strong>,<br />
Alexandru Naghiu, Agri<strong>cu</strong>ltura, agri<strong>cu</strong>ltural practice and science<br />
journal, ISSN 1221-5317
Va multumesc pentru atentie!