Planificarea si dimensionarea unei instalatii de biogaz - Ziua Energiei
Planificarea si dimensionarea unei instalatii de biogaz - Ziua Energiei
Planificarea si dimensionarea unei instalatii de biogaz - Ziua Energiei
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Biogas – Eine Einführung<br />
<strong>Planificarea</strong> <strong>si</strong> dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>unei</strong><br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
<strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II - a<br />
Brasov, 09.06.2009<br />
1
Ce este <strong>biogaz</strong>ul?<br />
Compozitia Biogazului<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Methan (CH 4 ) 50 - 75 %<br />
Dioxid <strong>de</strong> carbon (CO 2 ) 25 - 45 %<br />
Apa (H 2 O) 2 - 7 %<br />
Hidrogen sulfurat (H 2 S) 20 - 20.000 ppm<br />
Azot(N 2 ) < 2 %<br />
Oxigen (O 2 ) < 2 %<br />
Hidrogen (H 2 ) < 1 %<br />
Continut energetic 5 - 7,5 kWh/m³<br />
Pentru comparatie: 1 Litru Diesel ~ 1 m³ Erdgas ~ 10 kWh<br />
2
Cum se formeaza <strong>biogaz</strong>ul?<br />
Biogazul se formeaza printr-o <strong>de</strong>scompunere anaeroba (fara oxigen) in patru faze<br />
a substantelor organice sub influenta diverselor bacterii. anaeroba (fara oxigen), in<br />
patru faze.<br />
Procesul se <strong>de</strong>sfasoara in recipente speciale <strong>de</strong> beton numite fermentatoare.<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
3
Din ce se produce <strong>biogaz</strong>ul?<br />
Pentru productia <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong> se preteaza substraturi <strong>de</strong> origine animala sau vegetala bogate in carbon cu<br />
un procent mare <strong>de</strong> proteine, gra<strong>si</strong>mi <strong>si</strong> carbohidrati ce pot fi fermentate usor <strong>de</strong> catre bacterii.<br />
Substrat TS* oTS** Continut <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong> Metan - CH 4<br />
(Exemple) [%] [%TS] [m³/t] [m³/t oTS] [%]<br />
Proteine 600 - 700 70 - 75<br />
Gra<strong>si</strong>mi 1.000 - 1.250 68 - 73<br />
Carbohidrati 700 - 800 50 - 55<br />
Dejectii bovine (vaci <strong>de</strong> lapte) 8 - 11 75 - 82 20 - 30 200 - 500 ca. 60<br />
Dejectii porcine 4 - 7 75 - 86 20 - 35 300 - 700 60 - 70<br />
Porumb <strong>si</strong>loz 28 - 35 85 - 95 170 - 200 450 - 700 50 - 55<br />
Grau boabe 30 - 35 92 - 98 170 - 220 550 - 680 ca. 55<br />
Gra<strong>si</strong>mi din flotator 2 - 70 75 - 93 11 - 450 ca. 700 60 - 72<br />
Namol din flotator 5 - 24 80 - 95 35 - 280 900 - 1200 60 - 70<br />
Deseuri alimentare 9 - 37 80 - 98 50 - 480 200 - 500 45 - 61<br />
Deseuri <strong>de</strong> la abatorizare ca. 25 ca. 98 ca. 200 ca. 800 ca. 58<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
*TS = substanta uscata, **oTS – substanta uscata <strong>de</strong> natura organica<br />
4
Ce produce Biogazul?<br />
Stadiul actual al tehnicii<br />
Biogazul se transforma cu ajutorul unui motor in cogenerare (BHKW) in energie electrica <strong>si</strong> termica<br />
• Curentul electric poate fi folo<strong>si</strong>t la fata locului sau poate fi alimentat in reteaua nationala<br />
• Caldura (Apa calda) se foloseste eficient intr-un radius <strong>de</strong> 1 km in jurul BHKW<br />
• Instalatia <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong> poate fi legata <strong>de</strong> BHKW prin intermediul <strong>unei</strong> conducte <strong>de</strong> gaz care poate fi<br />
chiar <strong>si</strong> <strong>de</strong> cativa kilometri<br />
BGA<br />
Instalatiile <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong> pot acoperi sarcina <strong>de</strong> baza <strong>de</strong>orece <strong>biogaz</strong>ul se produce continuu<br />
Instalatiile <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong> pot acoperi varfurile <strong>de</strong> consum <strong>de</strong>orece <strong>biogaz</strong>ul se poate inmagazina <strong>si</strong> ar<strong>de</strong><br />
in perioadale <strong>de</strong> varf <strong>de</strong> consum.<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
~ 3 km<br />
1 km<br />
BHKW<br />
5
Ce componente are instalatie <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong>?<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
6
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
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<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Igienizare<br />
8
Alimentare substante regenerabile<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
9
Fermentator / postfermentator<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
10
Fermentator/ Postfermentator<br />
Conducta agent termic BHKW - fermentator<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Incalzire din inox in interiorul fermentatorului<br />
11
Fermentator / Postfermentator<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Ve<strong>de</strong>re in fermentator prin geamurile <strong>de</strong> control<br />
12
Sistemul <strong>de</strong> pompare<br />
Prin intermediul pompei centrale sunt conectate fermentatoarele cat <strong>si</strong> recipeintul <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>pozitare.<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
13
Cladirea centralei termo electrice BHKW <strong>si</strong> comanda instalatiei<br />
Cladire cu <strong>si</strong>stem<strong>de</strong> racire, amortizor <strong>de</strong> zgomot <strong>si</strong> post trafo<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
14
Blockheizkraftwerk BHKW<br />
Motor pe gaz cu generator<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
15
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>si</strong> planificarea <strong>unei</strong> <strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
Ce materiale sunt disponibile?<br />
Substraturi proprii Substraturi straine<br />
Substrat existent / Substrat necesar<br />
Debit zilnic<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Durata fermentare<br />
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onare input Dimen<strong>si</strong>onare fermentator<br />
Energie electrica Energie termica<br />
Randament el ~ 40% Randament th ~ 40%<br />
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onare BHKW<br />
Productie <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onare recipient<br />
<strong>de</strong>pozitare<br />
16
Acoperire energie<br />
electrica<br />
1.600 MWh/an<br />
BGA 280 kW:<br />
• Deseuri abator: 800 to<br />
• Dejectii bovine: 2.500 to<br />
• Porumb <strong>si</strong>loz: 3.900 to<br />
• 1.900 MWh el / an<br />
• 2.100 MWh th / an<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Acoperire energie<br />
termica<br />
5.500 MWh/an<br />
BGA 624 kW:<br />
• Deseuri abator: 800 to<br />
• Dejectii bovine: 3.500 to<br />
• Porumb <strong>si</strong>loz: 9.700 to<br />
• 4.400 MWh el / an<br />
• 5.000 MWh th / an<br />
Mix energie electrica <strong>si</strong><br />
termica<br />
BGA 624 / 452 kW:<br />
• Deseuri abator: 800 to<br />
• Dejectii bovine: 3.500 to<br />
• Porumb <strong>si</strong>loz: 6.700 to<br />
• 3.200 MWh el / an<br />
• 3.300 MWh th / an<br />
17
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>si</strong> planificarea <strong>unei</strong> <strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
800 to <strong>de</strong>seuri abator 6.710 to porumb <strong>si</strong>loz<br />
Debit zilnic: 30 to<br />
3.500 to <strong>de</strong>jectii bovine<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
Durata fermentare: 159 zile<br />
Ce doresc sa produc?<br />
3.200 MWh el<br />
BHKW 624 / 452 kW el<br />
Biogaz : 1,6 Mio m 3 /a<br />
3.300 MWh th<br />
Randament el ~ 40% Randament th ~ 40%<br />
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onare input 2x fermentator Ø 24 x 6 m 1x Lager Ø 30 x 6 m<br />
18
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>unei</strong> <strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
19
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>unei</strong> <strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
20
Dimen<strong>si</strong>onarea <strong>unei</strong> <strong>instalatii</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>biogaz</strong><br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
21
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
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<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
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<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
24
Multumesc pentru atentie!<br />
<strong>Ziua</strong> <strong>Energiei</strong>, editia a II-a, Brasov, 09.06.2009 Gerrit Meiners<br />
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