Studiul riscurilor profesionale in industria alimentara si a bauturilor ...
Studiul riscurilor profesionale in industria alimentara si a bauturilor ...
Studiul riscurilor profesionale in industria alimentara si a bauturilor ...
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5.3.2 Receptia calitativa <strong>si</strong> cantitativa<br />
a materiilor prime<br />
In elaborarea pastelor fa<strong>in</strong>oase se folosesc materii prime de<br />
baza cum ar fi fa<strong>in</strong>a/grisul de grau <strong>si</strong> apa. In cazul fabricarii<br />
unor sortimente se folosesc legume sau pireuri de legume,<br />
oua, branza, diferiti aditivi, sucuri de fructe, etc.<br />
Fa<strong>in</strong>a care se utilizeaza In obt<strong>in</strong>erea pastelor fa<strong>in</strong>oase este<br />
de diferite tipuri <strong>in</strong> functie de sortimentul de pasta fa<strong>in</strong>oasa<br />
fabricat <strong>si</strong> cu proprietati fizice <strong>si</strong> chimice caracteristice<br />
(duritate, granulozitate <strong>si</strong> <strong>in</strong>dice de extractie). Se folosesc<br />
fa<strong>in</strong>a obt<strong>in</strong>uta d<strong>in</strong> grau comun <strong>si</strong> grau dur :<br />
fa<strong>in</strong>uri grisate (grisuri f<strong>in</strong>e)<br />
fa<strong>in</strong>uri semigrisate (grifice)<br />
fa<strong>in</strong>uri f<strong>in</strong>e (netede)<br />
Fa<strong>in</strong>ele granuloase se folosesc la obt<strong>in</strong>erea pastelor lungi<br />
iar cele cu granulozitate mica la fabricarea pastelor scurte.<br />
Ina<strong>in</strong>te de dozare <strong>si</strong> amestecare <strong>in</strong> malaxor fa<strong>in</strong>a trece pr<strong>in</strong>trun<br />
proces de cernere pentru a <strong>in</strong>departa po<strong>si</strong>bilele impuritati<br />
sau substante exogene <strong>si</strong> de amestecare cu gris <strong>in</strong> cazul<br />
folo<strong>si</strong>rii fa<strong>in</strong>urilor grisate.<br />
Apa se foloseste <strong>in</strong> cantitati diferite <strong>in</strong> functie de gradul de<br />
hidratare a fa<strong>in</strong>ii, cont<strong>in</strong>utul <strong>in</strong> apa a materiilor auxiliare <strong>si</strong> de<br />
reteta de fabricatie a sortimentului .<br />
Ouale se pot folo<strong>si</strong> la fabricarea unor sortimente de paste<br />
fa<strong>in</strong>oase (panglici, farfale, spaghetti, etc) <strong>in</strong>bunatat<strong>in</strong>d<br />
calitatile nutritive. Ina<strong>in</strong>te de amestecarea lor <strong>in</strong> aluat se<br />
receptioneaza verificand caracteristicile organoleptice <strong>si</strong><br />
starea de prospetime (scufundare <strong>in</strong> recipiente solutie sal<strong>in</strong>a<br />
10%). Se pot folo<strong>si</strong> <strong>si</strong> oua sub forma de praf liofilizat.<br />
5.3.3 Dozare materii prime <strong>si</strong> auxiliare<br />
Dozarea materiilor prime urmareste respectarea retetelor<br />
de fabricatie a sortimentelor de paste fa<strong>in</strong>oase <strong>si</strong> obt<strong>in</strong>erea<br />
produselor <strong>in</strong> parametri de calitate doriti. Este un proces<br />
(cantarire <strong>si</strong> masurare) care se realizeaza manual <strong>in</strong> cazul<br />
producerii de paste <strong>in</strong> cantitati mici <strong>si</strong> automatizat <strong>in</strong> cazul<br />
producerii pe scara <strong>in</strong>dustriala.<br />
Dozarea fa<strong>in</strong>ii i<strong>si</strong> apei se realizeaza manual sau mecanizat<br />
pr<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediul unor dozatoare pentru ,materiale<br />
pulverulente(fa<strong>in</strong>a) <strong>si</strong> dozatoare cu pompa (fa<strong>in</strong>a).<br />
Dozarea materialelor auxiliare se realizeaza pr<strong>in</strong> cantarire <strong>si</strong><br />
masurare <strong>in</strong> functie de reteta de fabricatie.<br />
5.3.4 Preparare aluat (malaxare/ framantare)<br />
Faza de preparare a aluatului <strong>in</strong>clude amestecul materiilor<br />
prime <strong>si</strong> a celor auxiliare, <strong>in</strong> malaxor obt<strong>in</strong>erea aluatului <strong>si</strong><br />
framantarea lui, obt<strong>in</strong>andu-se o pasta omogena <strong>si</strong> elastica.<br />
Materiile prime se malaxeaza <strong>si</strong> se obt<strong>in</strong> diferite tipuri de<br />
aluat <strong>in</strong> functie de gradul de umiditate aluat tare folo<strong>si</strong>t pentru<br />
fabricarea pastelor fa<strong>in</strong>oase cu modele, 25-28% apa, aluat<br />
semitare pentru paste medii <strong>si</strong> lungi (29-31%) <strong>si</strong> aluat moale<br />
folo<strong>si</strong>t pentru paste umplute <strong>si</strong> compuse (31-33%).<br />
Timpul de framantare a aluatului dep<strong>in</strong>de de gradul de<br />
calitate a fa<strong>in</strong>ii , con<strong>si</strong>stenta <strong>si</strong> temperatura lui iar <strong>in</strong>ten<strong>si</strong>tatea<br />
de tipul de malaxor folo<strong>si</strong>t. Framantarea se poate realiza <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>si</strong>stem de framantatoare duble (doua <strong>in</strong>stalatii de framantat<br />
asezate fata <strong>in</strong> fata), cont<strong>in</strong>ue (1-3 cuve succe<strong>si</strong>ve care<br />
favorizeaza framantarea) <strong>si</strong> discont<strong>in</strong>ue (malaxoare cu role).<br />
Si se foloseste <strong>in</strong>stalatii cu vid acesta poate fi aplicat <strong>in</strong>a<strong>in</strong>te<br />
de presare sau concomitent cu presarea.<br />
5.3.5 Modelare (Presare /Valtuire, Taiere,<br />
Stantare)<br />
Modelarea este o faza tehnologica anterioara uscarii ce<br />
re ca <strong>si</strong> obiectiv obt<strong>in</strong>erea pastelor fa<strong>in</strong>oase cu o forma<br />
caracteristica <strong>in</strong> functie de sortimentul fabricat <strong>si</strong> a<strong>si</strong>gurarea<br />
unor parametri de calitate importanti cum ar fi. aspectul<br />
exterior (suprafata neteda, culoare uniforma placuta),<br />
elasticitate <strong>si</strong> plasticitate dorita, lipsa de defecte, forma <strong>si</strong><br />
gro<strong>si</strong>me, etc.<br />
Riscuri Profe<strong>si</strong>onale Zero <strong>in</strong> Industria Alimentara 55