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Jurnalul Român <strong>de</strong> Psih<strong>of</strong>armacologie<br />

Romanian Journal <strong>of</strong> Psychopharmacology<br />

Vol. 6, Nr. 1, 2<br />

ASPECTE ETIOPATOGENICE<br />

ÎN PSIHOZELE ALCOOLICE<br />

Claudia Răduţ, A. Tiugan<br />

Spitalul Clinic <strong>de</strong> Urgenţă Militar „Dr. Ştefan Odobleja” Craiova<br />

Rezumat<br />

Uzul <strong>de</strong>zadaptativ <strong>de</strong> alcool <strong>de</strong>termină modificări neurobiochimice <strong>of</strong>erind suport<br />

etiopatogenic <strong>de</strong>zvoltării unor tablouri psihotice acute sau cronice.<br />

Etanolul afectează sistemul dopaminergic (<strong>de</strong> recompensă), complexele receptorale<br />

benzodiazepinice, <strong>de</strong>termină diminuarea concentraţiei cerebrale serotoninergice<br />

(cortex, hipocam, hipotalamus) şi modifică <strong>de</strong>nsitatea situsurilor receptorale.<br />

Citoarhitectura cerebrală suferă modificări astfel încât imagistica pune în evi<strong>de</strong>nţă<br />

atr<strong>of</strong>ia lobilor frontali, dilatarea ventriculilor laterali şi a giraţiilor corticale.<br />

Disfuncţionalitatea balanţelor pe multiple linii <strong>de</strong> neurotransmiţător alături <strong>de</strong><br />

modificările morfologice cerebrale se suprapun peste mo<strong>de</strong>lul neurobiochimic al<br />

tabloului psihotic <strong>de</strong> tip „schiz<strong>of</strong>reniform”.<br />

Diminuarea fluidităţii membranale induse <strong>de</strong> alcool modifică polaritatea acesteia<br />

cu impact pe influxul nervos şi afinitatea receptorală accentuând disfuncţionalitatea<br />

biochimică.<br />

Lucrarea aduce în discuţie şi factorii predictivi ai <strong>de</strong>compensării psihotice în uzul<br />

maladaptativ <strong>de</strong> alcool: vulnerabilitate biologică, lezionalitate somatică, timpul<br />

uzului <strong>de</strong> substanţă.<br />

Cuvinte cheie: alcool, tablou psihotic, modificari neurobiochimice.<br />

ETIOPATHOGENIC ASPECTS IN ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSES<br />

Abstract<br />

Maladaptative use <strong>of</strong> alcohol generates neurobiochemical transformations and<br />

constitutes the etiopathogenic support for psychotic acute or chronic features.<br />

Ethanol affects the dopaminergic system, receptorale benzodiazepinic complexes,<br />

<strong>de</strong>termines the <strong>de</strong>crease <strong>of</strong> central serotonine level (cortex, hippocampus,<br />

hipotalamus) and modifies the <strong>de</strong>nsity <strong>of</strong> receptorale sites.<br />

Cerebral citoarchitecture is modified, as imagistic methods highlights frontal lobes<br />

atrophy, dilatations <strong>of</strong> lateral ventricles and cortical giruses.<br />

The dysfunction <strong>of</strong> the balance for many neurotransmitters and alterations <strong>of</strong><br />

cerebral morphology overlap to biochemical mo<strong>de</strong>l <strong>of</strong> psychotic features<br />

schizophrenia-like.<br />

The <strong>de</strong>crease <strong>of</strong> membranal fluidity caused by alcohol modifies its polarity, with<br />

impact on nerve impulse and receptorale affinity, increasing biochemical<br />

dysfunction.<br />

This study <strong>de</strong>bates predictive factors for psychotic relapse in alcohol maladaptative<br />

use: biological vulnerability, somatic injuries, period <strong>of</strong> substance use.<br />

Key words: alcohol, psychotic features, neurobiochemical transformations.<br />

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