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Clujul Medical - Iuliu Haţieganu

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<strong>Clujul</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> 2006 vol. LXXX - nr. 1<br />

Phrenic nerves and diaphragm (Second part).<br />

Diaphragm pacing.<br />

FR.GRIGORESCU SIDO, ANCA ZIMMERMANN<br />

Summary<br />

The phrenic nerve (FN) and the diaphragm (D) are a morphofunctional unit<br />

with an important role in the physiology and pathology of respiration, digestion and<br />

circulation. The anatomy of intradiaphragmatic branches of the phrenic nerve was<br />

intensively researched by anatomists and surgeons between 1950-1990, with the aim to<br />

perform the most sparing phrenotomy possible. After 1990, the research was mainly<br />

focused on the identification of the phrenic nerve motor points to allow diaphragmatic<br />

pacing with laparoscopically placed electrods in the diaphragm in patients with chronic<br />

respiratory distress (e.g. central hypoventilation, tetraplegia, etc.), who were on<br />

mechanical ventilation. The present study analyses, on 58 anatomical preparations, the<br />

phrenic nerve anatomical points with the intention to identify on human being the<br />

bilateral phrenic nerve motor points to facilitate better diaphragmatic pacing<br />

procedures.<br />

Key words: phrenic nerves, diaphragm, diaphragm pacing.<br />

Abbreviations: D (diaphragm), FN (phrenic nerve).<br />

124

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