Anais do IHC'2001 - Departamento de Informática e Estatística - UFSC

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282 Anais do IHC’2001 - IV Workshop sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais where it could take the best of both methods and obtain a new model; the Web based distance learning education. However, it is a widespread myth that "The content, value, and quality of information and knowledge are improved simply because is offered in multimedia or over the Web" [Fischer, 1997]. 3. The Ctrl+P Factor Printing technology has 500 years history of improving, compared to the 40 years or so of screen developments. Paper surface and colour, typeface, character width, letter sharpness, text contrast with paper, margin sizes, spacing between the lines, and even room lighting have been explored in efforts to produce the most appealing readable format [Shneiderman, 1998]. On the other side, computer screens cause visual fatigue and stress. The comprehensibility studying from displays may be below to that obtained by reading from printed materials. Our reading speed diminishes a 25% when reading form a screen compared to that from a printed source [Nielsen, 1999]. It cannot be denied the extraordinary development is displays. It is just a matter of time when screens and paper will share the same characteristics, but for the time being, paper is preferred over any computer display. With printed materials there is no usability problems. The ability to turn the page or follow a jump line into a inner page is practical universal: you do not need to teach the reader these skills [Outing, 2000]. There is no resolution problem as well, it does not faint on the eyes. 3.1 Paper v. Screen Information being available, however, does not necessarily mean being readily accessible, and users, or potential users, of information which is available often experience frustration in locating, accessing, and interpreting the information they want [Nickerson, 1995]. We are in a transitional phase. Although we use a word processor to write texts, we still print it and read it from paper [Driel, 1999]. This is the case of academic contents. Lessons are published on the Web but they are not suitable to be studied on the screen. The disadvantages of reading from displays are summarised in the list below: [Shneiderman, 1998]. Poor fonts, specially in low resolution monitors. Low contrast, and fuzzy characters boundaries. Obtrusive emitted light, screen flicker and a possible curved display surface. Smalls displays, requires disruptive page turning controls. Layout and formatting, inappropriate line width or awkward justification. Reduced hand and body motion, compared to paper, may cause fatigue. Unfamiliarity of displays, and the anxiety that the image may disappear. According to Nielsen [Nielsen, 1999] readers on electronic devices "scans" the information, instead of careful reading, thus the information must be formatted in such a
Anais do IHC’2001 - IV Workshop sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais 283 way [Henning, 1998]. The poster will display an example and will explain how this could be achieved. 4. Enhancing Readability and Comprehensibility The recommended solution is to create two versions of the same content [Nielsen, 1999]. One, formatted into Web pages and prepared to be "scanned" instead of read, complete with hyperlinks and multimedia. The other should be an optimised version for printing. This one should be one long file, preferably on PostScript or PDF format, which could be downloaded, printed out and read comfortably. The poster will feature a comparison between paper readability and various reading devices, namely a PC screen, laptop display, PalmPilot and an eBook. 5. Conclusion “Computers are great to store information, but they are not that good to register sudden ideas, thoughts, feelings. Fort that, paper is still quite superior, you can take it, fold it, put it in your pocket and revise again, when convenient” [Fayyad, 1999]. Academic designers work enormously on the design of academic web pages, but the printed paper issue surpasses those efforts every time. More attention should be take into consideration when develop academic content to be printed. References Driel, Hans van: Digitaal communiceren, http://cwis.kub.nl/~fdl/general/people/drielhv/lezing/kubweb/ Fayyad, Usama, Microsoft Research, cited in “The Power of Writing”, National Geographic en Español, August 1999, 110-132 Fischer, Gerhard: Life Long Learning, More Than Screen Deep: Toward Every-Citizen Interfaces to the Nation’s Information Infraestructure, 1st Ed, National Academy Press, Washington DC, (1997), 382-388 Henning, Kathy: Writing for Readers Who Scan, http://clickz.com/article/cz.3326.html Moreno-Rocha, Mario, A: Metodologías de enseñanza, Universidad Virtual, UTM, 1998 Nickerson, Raymond, S (editor): Emerging Needs and Opportunities for Human Factors Research, 1 st Ed, National Academy Press, Washington DC, (1995) 38-42 Nielsen, Jakob: In Defense of Print, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9602.html Outing, Steve: Reader Usability Wisdom From a Web Guru, http://www.mediainfo.com/ephome/news/newshtm/stop/st070297.htm Shneiderman, Ben: Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human Computer Interaction, 3 rd Ed, Addison Wesley, USA (1998) 410-441 Universidad Virtual, UTM, http://virtual.utm.mx/
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De 15 a 17 de outubro de 2001 Flori
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Sumário Apresentação............
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Análise Ergonômica do Estado da A
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de formidável coesão, denominado
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Sociedade Brasileira de Computaçã
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Fund. Educacional de Criciúma - FU
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Palestras Internacionais Online Com
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