Anais do IHC'2001 - Departamento de Informática e Estatística - UFSC

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186 Anais do IHC’2001 - IV Workshop sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais their disposal interfaces which allow them to define and gradually refine the collections, portions of collections and services that best suit their needs. Digital library users typically need to work collaboratively. More often than not, a given user belongs to more than one regular group of users. It is also possible that library resources are disjoint for every group a user belongs to, or that some materials need to be used in several work groups. Thus, for example, a user may participate in a class discussion for which she is the instructor or facilitator and also in a technical committee that is reviewing a paper submitted to a conference. For her class, she may suggest a reading (available at the digital library) which happens to be, say, a missing reference in the paper being reviewed by the other group in which she participates. The work described in this paper aims to advance along these lines: facilitating the creation and maintenance of personalized areas (which we call personal spaces) that integrate resources relevant for a given user, and making it possible for users to seamlessly move from personal to work group areas and between various group areas (which we call group spaces). 3. Personal and group spaces. In the context of a digital library, we define a personal space as a virtual area that is generated, owned and maintained by a user to persistently keep resources (objects, agents, etc.) or references to resources which are relevant to a task or set of tasks the user needs to perform in the digital library. Personal spaces may thus contain digital documents in multiple media, personal schedules, visualization tools, and user agents that have been delegated various tasks. Resources within personal spaces can be pre-assigned according to the user’s role. For example, a graduate student would have access to course-specific reserve materials, visualization tools and interfaces to upload thesis chapters for revision by a committee. Agents may be available for recommending library materials that are relevant to the thesis and the personal space could be enriched by the agent’s suggestions. Similarly, we define a group space as a virtual area in which library users can meet to conduct collaborative activities synchronously or asynchronously. Explicit group spaces are created dynamically by a group leader or facilitator who becomes the owner of the space and defines who the participants will be. Implicit group spaces can be generated automatically when a number of users have been detected to have similar user profiles or interests around a given topic or task. In addition to direct user-to-user communication, users should be able to access library materials and make annotations on them for every other group participant to see. Ideally, users should be able to move seamlessly (and carry digital library materials with them) between personal and group spaces or among group spaces to which they belong. Figure 1 illustrates a system with four users (each with one personal space, P1-P4) and two group spaces (G1, G2). Each personal space includes a number of library resources (Ri’s), some also included as part of one or more group spaces. For example, resources R4, R5 and R8 in personal space P2 have been carried to group space G1 to be shared with the user who owns P1. Moreover, resource R8 is also being shared through group space G2 with the users who own personal spaces P3 and P4. It can be noted also that all resources in personal space P4 (R12 and R13) are being shared with all other users via group space G2.
Anais do IHC’2001 - IV Workshop sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais 187 We can also regard this scenario as involving only three users, one of which has defined two personal spaces (say P3 and P4) to handle resources R9-R13 and sharing some of the resources in P3 and all resources in P4 with the other users via the G2 group space. P1 R1 G1 R4 R5 P2 R2 R8 R6 R7 Personal space Personal space R9 Group Space R3 R10 Group Space G2 R12 R13 Personal space Personal space R11 P3 P4 Figure 1. Four personal spaces and two group spaces (Pi = Personal Space; Gi = Group Space; Ri = Library resource). For the sake of clarity, in Figure 1 we have considered only disjoint resource sets for each personal and group space. It may also be the case, however, that a given resource is referenced in multiple personal or group spaces. Basic functionality required for personal spaces includes the capabilities for viewing, launching and monitoring library services, agents and applications. As for group spaces, they should provide users with means to easily become aware of users and resources that are present in a given group space at any time, as well as mechanisms to communicate with other users and make annotations on library resources. Naturally, there should also be means to move from personal to group spaces and to carry materials from 4. Implementation We have produced prototypical implementations of the personal and group spaces concepts to provide a homogeneous interface to the various user services and environments described in Section 2.1. We based our designs on the well-known room metaphor [Greenberg and Roseman 1998; Henderson et al. 1986]. Personal spaces are thus conceived as rooms that every user may configure by defining physical characteristics (color, furniture, layout) and by adding library resources that are used frequently or support user tasks. We also have emphasized the role of every user in our interface design [Shneiderman and Plaisant 1994]. When users register to access the digital library, they specify the role(s) they will be playing in the system. Typically, a user selects or is assigned a combination of the various existing roles: graduate or undergraduate student,
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De 15 a 17 de outubro de 2001 Flori
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Sumário Apresentação............
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Análise Ergonômica do Estado da A
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de formidável coesão, denominado
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Sociedade Brasileira de Computaçã
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274 4. Considerações Finais Anais
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