Departamento de Ciências Prenda ou Arte? - Repositório Aberto da ...
Departamento de Ciências Prenda ou Arte? - Repositório Aberto da ...
Departamento de Ciências Prenda ou Arte? - Repositório Aberto da ...
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Abstract<br />
The Fine Arts Oporto Aca<strong>de</strong>my created in 1836 admits its first female stu<strong>de</strong>nt in 1882. Between 1842 and<br />
1887 the press and Catalogs of Triennial Exhibitions of the Fine Arts Oporto Aca<strong>de</strong>my testify the<br />
presence of 75 women and their works, some with a male or female teacher. The aim of this study is to<br />
characterize their artistic presentation and its connection with contemporary feminine educational mo<strong>de</strong>l.<br />
Their personal i<strong>de</strong>ntification has been ma<strong>de</strong> thr<strong>ou</strong>gh Parochial Books and reached ab<strong>ou</strong>t 75% women.<br />
The analyses showed a medium and high level of b<strong>ou</strong>rgeoisie origin, ages over 10 years old, both single<br />
and married. The <strong>de</strong>cline of embroi<strong>de</strong>ries at the Exhibitions matches with the increase presence of<br />
Drawing and Painting on feminine Education. Wax sculpture seems to continue a traditional feminine<br />
practice. Generally, Drawings are ma<strong>de</strong> from gravures, plaster, or progressive C<strong>ou</strong>rses. Miniature is a<br />
specific Painting mainly presented by D. Francisca <strong>de</strong> Almei<strong>da</strong> Furtado. On original oil Painting women<br />
chose mostly Death-Nature genre, a few numbers on portraits and a single self-portrait. The association<br />
of Drawings or Painting, at a basic level of learning, and Music lessons br<strong>ou</strong>ght by <strong>de</strong> research is a<br />
strong evi<strong>de</strong>nce for these women represents a mo<strong>de</strong>l of feminine Education subscribed by Oporto<br />
B<strong>ou</strong>rgeoisie. Only the <strong>da</strong>ughters of Fine Arts environment achieve an artistic autonomy in the Oporto<br />
short Art market.<br />
Key-words – Fine Arts, Artistic teaching, Artistes, Feminine Education in 19 th Century, Oporto<br />
B<strong>ou</strong>rgeoisie.<br />
Resumo<br />
A Aca<strong>de</strong>mia Portuense <strong>de</strong> Belas <strong>Arte</strong>s admitiu a sua primeira Aluna em 1882. De 1842 a 1887, a<br />
imprensa e os Catálogos <strong>da</strong>s Exposições Trienais <strong>da</strong> Aca<strong>de</strong>mia Portuense <strong>de</strong> Belas <strong>Arte</strong>s registam a<br />
participação <strong>de</strong> 75 senhoras e seus trabalhos, algumas com professor <strong>ou</strong> professora. Este estudo tem como<br />
objectivo caracterizar essa activi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> artística particular e a relação com o mo<strong>de</strong>lo educativo vigente. A<br />
sua i<strong>de</strong>ntificação foi efectua<strong>da</strong> através dos Assentos Paroquiais e atingiu 75% <strong>da</strong>s participantes. A análise<br />
evi<strong>de</strong>nci<strong>ou</strong> a sua origem social nos estratos médio e alto <strong>da</strong> Burguesia portuense, com i<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> superior a 10<br />
anos, solteiras e casa<strong>da</strong>s. O <strong>de</strong>clínio dos trabalhos <strong>de</strong> Bor<strong>da</strong>dos nas Exposições coinci<strong>de</strong> com o<br />
ascen<strong>de</strong>nte do Desenho e <strong>da</strong> Pintura na Educação feminina. A Escultura em cera aparece em continui<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong><br />
com a tradição. De modo geral, o Desenho está associado a cópias <strong>de</strong> estampas, pelo gesso, <strong>ou</strong> a Cursos<br />
didácticos. Na Pintura <strong>de</strong> miniatura distingue-se D. Francisca <strong>de</strong> Almei<strong>da</strong> Furtado. Nas obras originais <strong>de</strong><br />
Pintura a óleo vence o género <strong>de</strong> Natureza-morta, alguns retratos e um auto-retrato. A associação do nível<br />
elementar <strong>de</strong> Desenho, <strong>ou</strong> <strong>da</strong> Pintura, com a Música, torna consistente a hipótese <strong>de</strong> as participantes nas<br />
Exposições Trienais representarem o mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> Educação para o sexo feminino <strong>da</strong> Burguesia portuense.<br />
Apenas as filhas cria<strong>da</strong>s nas Belas <strong>Arte</strong>s atingem uma autonomia artística no escasso mercado <strong>da</strong>s <strong>Arte</strong>s<br />
do Porto.<br />
Palavras-chave – Belas-<strong>Arte</strong>s, Ensino artístico, Artistas, Educação feminina no século XIX, Burguesia<br />
portuense.<br />
VIII