28.10.2021
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top.mainloop()When the above code is executed, it produces the following result:Canvas The Canvas is a rectangular area intended for drawing pictures or other complex layouts. You can place graphics,text, widgets or frames on a Canvas.Syntax: Here is the simple syntax to create this widget:w = Canvas ( master, option=value, ... )Parameters: • master: This represents the parent window.• options: Here is the list of most commonly used options for this widget. These options can be used as keyvaluepairs separated by commas.OptionDescriptionBd Border width in pixels. Default is 2.BgConfineCursorHeightHighlightcolorReliefScrollregionNormal background color.If true (the default), the canvas cannot be scrolled outside of the scrollregion.Cursor used in the canvas like arrow, circle, dot etc.Size of the canvas in the Y dimension.Color shown in the focus highlight.Relief specifies the type of the border. Some of the values are SUNKEN, RAISED,GROOVE, and RIDGE.A tuple (w, n, e, s) that defines over how large an area the canvas can be scrolled, where wis the left side, n the top, e the right side, and s the bottom.TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommandYscrollincrementYscrollcommandSize of the canvas in the X dimension.If you set this option to some positive dimension, the canvas can be positioned only onmultiples of that distance, and the value will be used for scrolling by scrolling units, such aswhen the user clicks on the arrows at the ends of a scrollbar.If the canvas is scrollable, this attribute should be the .set() method of the horizontalscrollbar.Works like xscrollincrement, but governs vertical movement.If the canvas is scrollable, this attribute should be the .set() method of the vertical scrollbar.The Canvas widget can support the following standard items:arc . Creates an arc item, which can be a chord, a pieslice or a simple arc.coord = 10, 50, 240, 210arc = canvas.create_arc(coord, start=0, extent=150, fill="blue")image . Creates an image item, which can be an instance of either the BitmapImage or the PhotoImage classes.filename = PhotoImage(file = "sunshine.gif")image = canvas.create_image(50, 50, anchor=NE, image=filename)line . Creates a line item.line = canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, ..., xn, yn, options)oval . Creates a circle or an ellipse at the given coordinates. It takes two pairs of coordinates; the top left andbottom right corners of the bounding rectangle for the oval.oval = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, options)polygon . Creates a polygon item that must have at least three vertices.oval = canvas.create_polygon(x0, y0, x1, y1,...xn, yn, options)Example: Try the following example yourself:import Tkinterimport tkMessageBoxtop = Tkinter.Tk()C = Tkinter.Canvas(top, bg="blue", height=250, width=300)coord = 10, 50, 240, 210arc = C.create_arc(coord, start=0, extent=150, fill="red")C.pack()top.mainloop()When the above code is executed, it produces the following result:TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
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Python Tutorial
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ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
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Example: ..........................
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Return Value ......................
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Description .......................
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Syntax ............................
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Example ...........................
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Parameters ........................
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Return Value ......................
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Parameters ........................
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Parameters ........................
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Locating Modules: .................
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Parameters ........................
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Description .......................
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Return Value ......................
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Example ...........................
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Parameters ........................
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Regular-expression Modifiers - Opti
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Starting a New Thread: ............
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Example: ..........................
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CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
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CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
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• To use this installer python-XY
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-c cmd run Python script sent in as
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This will produce the following res
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file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
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$ python -husage: python [option] .
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print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
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Here, an integer object is created
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Python Lists: Lists are the most v
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FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
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CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
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Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
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| Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
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else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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14151617181920212223242526272829303
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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Example The following example shows
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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14151617181920212223242526272829303
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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Return Value This method does not
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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Example The following example shows
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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Example The following example shows
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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Return Value This method does not
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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Return Value This method does not
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method does not
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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