Vladimir Putin, 7 october
Vladimir Putin, 7 october, RDM Group, Magazine
Vladimir Putin, 7 october, RDM Group, Magazine
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Political
Economic
Covid-19
NUM. 0041 AÑO 04 07 OCTOBER 2021
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• The Vaccine a Los qué todos leen
C
O
N
T
E
T
• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA: Political Outline
• RUSSIA: Economic Scheme
• RUSSIA: Main sectors of the industry
• RUSSIA: Foreign Trade in Figures
• RUSSIA: Policies Against COVID-19
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RUSSIA
4
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA
The total population of
Russia is: 144,104,080.
Ethnic origins: Ethnic
Russians represent
80.9% of the total population
(of which 84.93%
belong to European ethnic
groups), while minorities
represent 19% of
the population. Among
the largest minorities
are Tatars, Ukrainians,
Bashkirs, Chuvass and Chechens, who represent
approximately 8.4% of the total population.
The remaining 10.6% of the population
are Indo-European, Turkish or Baltic-
Finnish peoples.
6
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Official language:
Russian Other
Spoken Languages:
More than 150 languages
are spoken in
the Russian Federation
and some of them
are the official language
in a part of the
country.
Business language
(s): English is becoming
more widely used. Managers often understand
English better than they speak it. You must be prepared
to conduct negotiations in Russian.
Religion: According to a 2011 survey, 82% of Russians
are religious. Orthodox 70%, Muslim 10%, Catholic
1.2%, Buddhist 0.7%.
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RUSSIA: Political
Outline
8
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President Putin on Trip to
Primorsky Krai. Eastern
Economic Forum
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The politics of Russia
10
T
he politics of Russia takes
place within the framework
of the federal semi-presidential
republic of Russia. According to
the Constitution, the president of
Russia is the head of state and
of a multi-party system with executive
power exercised by the
government, headed by the prime
minister, who is appointed by
the president with the approval
of the parliament. Legislative power
rests with the two houses of
the Russian Federal Assembly,
while the President and the government
issue numerous legally
binding statutes.
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The Federal Assembly
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T
he Federal Assembly, as a bicameral
legislative body, consists of a lower
house, the State Duma, and an upper house,
the Federation Council. While the Duma guarantees
direct popular representation and embodies
the democratic principle, the Federation
Council is a chamber of territorial representation,
in which the so-called federal subjects
(federated entities or territories of Russia)
are represented through appointed delegates.
by these same autonomous territorial
units (two correspond to each territory, one
designated by its parliament and the other by
its governing body or by its president).
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14
Russian President Vladimir Putin
delivers his annual address to the
Federal Assembly of the Russian
Federation
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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arliament is made up of 616 members and is called
the Federal Assembly. It consists of two
chambers, the 450-member State Duma (the lower
house) and the 187-member Federation Council (the
upper house). Russia's legislative body was established
by the Constitution approved in the December
1993 referendum and subsequent amendments to the
2020 Russian Constitution.
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The Russian Constitution
T
he 2020 amendments to the
Russian Constitution, which
were proposed in January 2020,
are the second substantial amendments
to the 1993 Russian Constitution.
To introduce these amendments,
Russian President Vladimir
Putin held a popular vote. They
were approved on July 1, 2020 by
a contested popular vote. The
amendments have a broad impact,
including expanding the presidential
term limits, allowing the president
to fire federal judges and promote
natural marriage between a
man and a woman.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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The Russian Constitution
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n 2020, 41 articles were rewritten
and five more were added. Excluding
the first, second and ninth chapters,
which can only be changed by
convening a Constituent Assembly
and developing a new Constitution,
about 60% of the articles were modified,
which means a significant change
in a political system that has existed
for more twenty-five years old.
The main amendments focus on how
power is distributed among the branches
of government: abandoning the
super-presidential system that was
established in 1993 and simultaneously
creating a new one based on
the principle of checks and balances.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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E
liminates the "consecutive" clause from the article that regulates
the maximum number of presidential terms, discounting
the previous presidential terms before the amendment enters into
force. Override the number of presidential terms served by the current
president (Vladimir Putin) or the former president (Dmitry
Medvedev) to allow him to serve his first term if elected to the presidency
in 2024.
20 Los qué Todos Leen Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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The Russian Constitution
The Russian Constitution must take precedence over international
law; The State Duma (the lower house of Parliament) shall have
the right to approve the candidacy of the Prime Minister (currently it
only consents to his appointment), the State Duma may also approve
the candidates of Deputy Prime Ministers and Federal Ministers,
the President You will not be able to reject their appointment,
but in some cases you will be able to remove them from their position.
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22
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The Russian Constitution
P
eople who occupy "important positions to guarantee
the security of the country" (president, ministers, judges,
heads of the region) must not have foreign citizenship
or residence permits in other countries, neither at the time of
their work in the position nor, in the case of the president, at
any time before;
A presidential candidate must live in Russia for at least 25
years (currently 10 years) and may never have had foreign
citizenship or residence in his life (without the possibility of
renouncing foreign citizenship to be eligible to be president);
The Federation Council (the upper house of Parliament)
may propose that the President remove the federal judges;
in some cases, the Federation Council, at the proposal of
the President, will have the right to dismiss the judges of the
Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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The Russian Constitution
P
rivate ministers who are the heads of law enforcement
agencies must be appointed by the President in
consultation with the Federation Council;
The minimum wage cannot be less than the subsistence
minimum;
Regular classification of pensions;
Consolidation of the state and the role of the Council of
State (currently it is only an advisory body and is not prescribed
in the Constitution);
Grant the Constitutional Court the ability to verify the constitutionality
of laws adopted by the Federal Assembly of the
Russian Federation at the request of the President before
they are signed by the President;
Define natural marriage as a relationship between a man
and a woman.
24
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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The Russian Constitution
A
long with the redistribution of power initiatives,
the first draft included a couple of socially
and economically directed amendments. Precisely,
Putin has suggested regularizing the minimum
wage to be above the poverty line and guaranteeing
the annual increase in pension payments.
The amendments to this bloc were developed
by a special group made up of members of
parliament, scientists, and public representatives.
As a result of their work, the Constitution was
supplemented with articles that imposed a distinctive
government attitude toward issues such as public
health, science, culture, volunteer work, and
youth. In addition to that, the amendments present
a couple of innovations, such as seeing the Russian
language as a "constitutive language of the
state", protecting "historical truth" and mentioning
faith in God with respect to ancestral heritage.
Most of these amendments are not new and only
duplicate the standards already mentioned in federal
laws.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA: POLITICAL OUTLINE
resident Vladimir Putin, who has been
in power for more than 20 years, began
his presidential term in May 2018. Continuing
his previous term, he emphasizes conservative
values, anti-Westernism and the
nationalism of the great powers.
Russia's legislative elections of 2021 were
held from September 17 to September 19 of
that year, to allocate the 450 seats of the
State Duma, the lower house of the Federal
Assembly of Russia, the legislative branch.
Remaining the United Russia party with 324
seats obtained, decreasing 19 seats.
28
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President Vladimir Putin
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President Putin at the
Economic Forum.
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RUSSIA: ECONOMIC
SCHEME
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA: ECONOMIC SCHEME
A
fter several years of negative growth
due to massive capital flight, the collapse
of the rouble, falling oil prices and trade
sanctions imposed by the West after the
Ukrainian crisis, the Russian economy had
returned to modest growth since 2017, driven
mainly by mineral resource extraction
and private consumption. However, due to
the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy contracted
to -3.1% GDP in 2020 (from +2% in
2019), as exports, investment activity and
consumer demand all plunge. According to
the IMF's April 2021 forecast, the economy is
expected to rebound in 2021 (+3.8%) and
2022 (+3.8%), supported by fiscal and monetary
stimulus and assuming the situation
gradually normalizes.
32
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President Putin
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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S
ince the 2015-2016 recession, the government
has pursued prudent macroeconomic policy aimed
at maintaining financial stability, and the central
bank has carefully controlled inflation. Thus, the Russian
economy entered the COVID-19 crisis with a solid
fiscal framework and substantial political space (IMF).
34
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The level of public debt, which was low in 2019 (13.8%
of GDP), increased to 19.3% of GDP in 2020 and is
expected to decline to 18.1% of GDP in 2021 and
17.7% of GDP in 2022 (IMF). In addition, Russia benefits
from substantial savings in the National Wealth
Fund.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President Putin
his economic proposals
ussia faces many challenges: a large state footprint,
weak governance and institutions, insufficient infrastructure,
low levels of competitiveness, insufficient investment,
low production capacity, dependence on raw materials,
poor economic climate, lack of structural reforms, and
an aging population.
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The Russian authorities adopted a robust economic and public
health package, amounting to about 3.5% of GDP (IMF).
The measures adopted by President Putin included the
extension of social and unemployment benefits.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President Putin at The
Economic Forum
38
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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ontrolling the COVID-19 pandemic and avoiding
lasting damage to the economy is the top priority,
but by 2021 Russia has planned to reduce its state
support for the economy and consolidate its fiscal policy
to return to budget rule by 2022. Are the proposals
of President Putin
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RUSSIA: Main sectors
of the industry
40
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President Putin says Russia must
remain industrial and space power
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Aerospace industry
Russia is talking about improving the quality of communications
and satellite navigation, expanding the
opportunities for meteorological observation and environmental
monitoring, for the remote control of large
infrastructure facilities under construction and
road safety ”, as policies of President Putin.
42
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Aerospace industry
He said that our duty is to strive to
ensure that the work in the space
and rocket industry corresponds to
the height that the pioneers of space
set us, ”said the Russian president.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Aerospace industry
President Putin noted that “more
than 50,000 people under the age of
35 now work in the space and rocket
industry in Russia and there is a
need to even more actively attract
young staff, open wide opportunities
for professional growth, improve
education and qualifications. , and
help improve. life conditions. I am
sure that the worthy successors of
the work of Yuri Gagarin, Sergei Pavlovich
Korolev, many other prominent
cosmonauts, designers and engineers
will always work in the industry,
who by their successes multiply
the glory of Russian cosmonautics ”.
46
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Aerospace industry
48
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Russia is talking about improving
the quality of President
Putin quotes: “In the new 21st
century, Russia must adequately
support the status of one
of the major nuclear and space
powers, because the space
industry is directly related
to defense.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Aerospace industry
The present putin will discuss issues related to long-term
priorities for the development of space activities, we will
analyze what needs to be done to strengthen our position in
this, without exaggeration, strategic area ”. Proposed son of
President Putin
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President Putin examines new Russian
fighter that can be converted
into an unmanned aircraft
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Russia is talking about improving the quality of “I would like to point
out that, during the last two and a half years, more than 50 Russian
rocket launches have been successfully carried out. Just the other
day, April 9, the Yuri Gagarin Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft with an international
crew departed from Baikonur. We will continue to develop
international programs and we are ready to participate in joint work
with our partners in space ”, concluded the President of Russia.
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Main sectors of the industry
54
R
usia tiene importantes recursos naturales. Es el
segundo productor mundial de gas natural y el
tercer productor mundial de petróleo, pero también
uno de los principales productores y exportadores de
diamantes, níquel y platino. Entre finales de 2019 y
mediados de 2020, estaba previsto que entraran en
funcionamiento tres nuevos gasoductos (a Alemania,
Turquía y China).
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Despite its large area, Russia has relatively little arable
land due to unfavorable climatic conditions. However,
the country owns 10% of the world's agricultural land
and is one of the main grain exporters. The northern
regions of the country mainly focus on livestock, while
the southern and western regions of Siberia produce
cereals. Agriculture contributes 3.4% of the national
GDP and employs around 6% of the total workforce.
.
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Main sectors of the industry
I
ndustry accounts for 32.2% of Russia's GDP and
employs 27% of the workforce. The country inherited
most of the industrial bases of the Soviet Union.
The most developed sectors are chemistry, metallurgy,
mechanics, construction and defense. In response to
economic sanctions from the United States and the
EU, the government implemented an import substitution
policy that could boost domestic production.
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The service sector employs 68% of the population and
generates 54% of GDP. Since the financial crisis of
1998, the banking sector has not undergone a complete
restructuring. Given the size of the country, the
transport, communications and trade sectors are particularly
important. Tourism is also becoming an important
source of income.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY
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The agricultural
I
n 2020, due to the COVID-19
pandemic, most economic sectors
declined. Tourism, catering, entertainment
and the beauty industry
were the sectors most affected by
the second wave. To a lesser extent,
the agricultural sector has
been temporarily affected by lockdown
measures preventing
seasonal workers from reaching
Russia, but it proved to be highly
resilient to the crisis. According to
the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2020
Russia's agricultural production increased
by 2%.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA: Foreign
Trade in Figures
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President Putin
open to foreign
trade
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Foreign Trade in Figures
T
he country is quite open to foreign trade, which represents
51.5% of GDP (World Bank, 2019), despite strict
laws and policies. Russia became a member of the WTO in
2012, is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent
States which has established a free trade area, and is a
member of the Eurasian Customs Union. Russia and Ukraine
have abolished mutual trade preferences.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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The Eurasian Customs Union has signed an agreement with
Vietnam and is negotiating free trade agreements with, for
example, Iran, India, Egypt, Singapore and Serbia. Russia is
the fourteenth exporter and the twenty-first importer of goods
in the world (WTO, 2019). It mainly exports hydrocarbons
(more than 50% of total exports), solid fuels, wheat and meslin,
iron and steel, precious metals, precious stones and wood,
and imports mainly machinery, pharmaceuticals, electronics,
electrical products, vehicles and plastics.
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RUSSIA: Foreign
Trade in Figures
I
n 2020, due to the COVID-19
pandemic, the volume of exports
of goods and services fell by
-8.8% compared to 2019, while the
volume of imports decreased by -
12.6% (IMF). According to the IMF
forecast, exports should rebound in
2021 (1.5%) and 2022 (2.7%), but
slower than imports, and are expected
to increase by 4.3% in 2021
and 3, 5% in 2022.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA: Foreign Trade
in Figures
Russia's main customers are China
(13.4% of exports), the Netherlands
(10.5%), Germany (6.6%), Belarus
(5.1%) and Turkey (5%). Its main
suppliers are China (21.9% of imports),
Germany (10.2%), Belarus
(5.5%), the United States (5.4%) and
Italy (4.4%). Since the conflict in
Ukraine and the economic sanctions
imposed by Western countries, the
Kremlin has imposed an embargo on
European and American agricultural
products and has reconfigured their
trade relations.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President
Vladimir Putin
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T
he country has posted
significant and regular trade
surpluses since 1998, mainly
due to the richness of its natural
resources, particularly hydrocarbons
(crude oil and natural gas
in particular). The trade surplus
easily compensates for the deficit
in services and income. After
decreasing due to tensions with
Europe and the United States
due to the Ukraine crisis and falling
commodity prices, the trade
surplus has increased due to rising
commodity prices.
.
RUSSIA: Foreign
Trade in Figures
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSSIA: Foreign
Trade in Figures
H
owever, the surplus decreased
in 2019 as exports
decreased and imports increased.
According to the latest
WTO data, Russia exported
goods worth $ 419.8 billion in
2019 and imported $ 254.6 billion,
resulting in a surplus of $
164.3 billion. The country exported
$ 61.7 billion of services
and imported $ 97.5 billion.
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Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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During a meeting with
heads of foreign companies
(via videoconference).
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RUSSIA: Foreign
Trade in Figures
ccording to preliminary data
from the Russian central
bank, the trade surplus fell to $
81.4 billion during the January-
November 2020 period (a decrease
compared to $ 150 billion during
the same period in 2019),
amidst the restricted domestic oil
production and depressed world
oil prices. Despite the efforts made
since the imposition of sanctions,
the substitution of domestic products
for imports has hardly been
successful, except in the food industry.
Photo: Kremlin.ru
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Leen
BY 4.0) 73
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RUSSIA: policies
against COVID-19
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Vladimir Putin, President of
Russia, visits the coronavirus
monitoring center in Moscow.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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RUSIA: policies against
COVID-19
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P
resident Putin in mid-March 2020, visited
the Coronavirus Monitoring
Center in Russia, of which 93 cases of coronavirus
had been registered, with Moscow
as the focus of the epidemic and
15,000 people under surveillance as possible
new cases. As in all countries in the
world, Russia took steps to contain the
pandemic.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President
Vladimir Putin
During an examination of a
hospital in the Moscow town
of Kommunarka, intended for
patients with suspected coronavirus.
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T
he urgent construction of a hospital
for infectious diseases near
Moscow, which makes one suspect
that the number of infected is much
higher than officially recognized.
President Putin During an examination
of a hospital in the Moscow town of Kommunarka,
intended for patients with
suspected coronavirus.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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Chief Physician Denis Protsenko (center) gives President Vladimir
Putin (left) and Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin (right) a
tour of the Novomoskovsky multipurpose medical center for patients
suspected of being infected with coronavirus
(03/24/2020)
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utin ordered an increase in unemployment
benefits, but only at
a subsistence level. In terms of salary
support for companies, Russia offers
to cover about 12,000 rubles a month
(about US $ 155), a much lower
amount than many governments in
Europe. The increase of all social programs
remedying the inhabitants of
Russia in the problem of COVID 19.
expanding social and medical assistance.
"The health, life and safety of people
is an absolute priority for us," emphasized
the Russian leader.
Photo: Kremlin.ru (CC BY 4.0)
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President
Vladimir Putin
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Sputnik V
ussia already has an approved
and registered vaccine against
the coronavirus, according to President
Vladimir Putin.
The president indicated that in a government
meeting that the vaccine -
baptized as Sputnik-V - was developed
by the Gamaleya Institute and
was registered after two months of
human trials.
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President
Vladimir Putin
84
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Sputnik V: the vaccine,
a political triumph for
President Putin
What is known about the mass vaccination
plan against the coronavirus
that Russia is preparing for October
2020.
He also assured that one of his two
daughters was one of the first inoculated
and that "she feels good."
The approval, Putin said, paves the
way for massive use of the vaccine
as the final stages of clinical trials
continue.
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President
Vladimir Putin
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has been in power for more than 20 years, yet during
his long rule he has created the image of the leader
who lifted Russia out of post-Soviet chaos to bring order
and prosperity.
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