abril de 2004 - CCHLA - Universidade Federal da ParaÃba

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Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Softwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.Greek, and compared these meanings with modernWestern languages. Such studies may prove to bemandatory in the quest for clear conceptual definitions ofemotion words.ConclusionIn a still wider frame, is there any general way ofintegrating the separate routines of theory, method, anddata, disciplines and sub-disciplines, levels of analysis(micro and macro), the humanities, etc? Even if we useconceptual, rather than vernacular definitions of in ourformulation of the problem, we still face an unsettlingobstacle. Vernacular words and "common sense" in anyculture, which are a drawback because they areambiguous, still have a great advantage over currenthuman science. Most problem solving by laypersons isrelatively unspecialized: it draws on conscious andunconscious ideas ("intuition") freely, and the person’stotal realm of knowledge, catch as catch can. Thespecialized knowledge of the various human sciences,which usually accounts for only a small part of anyparticular type of conduct, has found it hard to compete.In an earlier publication (Scheff 1997), I proposedpart/whole analysis as a move toward integration. Thephilosopher Spinoza was one of the first to note theextraordinary complexity of human conduct. He proposedthat in order to understand even routine behavior, weneed to relate "the least parts to the greatest wholes." Ihave interpreted this to mean that we need integration inthe human sciences between the disciplines, the microand macro levels just as a first step, in order to link dataand theory. Understanding research results in relation tosocial/cultural wholes is only one aspect of this largerframework.ReferencesBAUMEISTER, Roy, Laura Smart, and Joseph Boden. 1996. Relation ofThreatened Egoism to Violence and Aggression: The Dark Side of HighSelf-Esteem. Psychological Review. 103: 5-33.BLAU, Peter, and O. D. Duncan. 1967. The American OccupationalStructure. New York: Wiley.BOLTZMAN, Ludwig. 1899. The Recent Development of Method inTheoretical Physics. Monist 11: 229-30.126
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Softwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.BRADSHAW, John. 1988. Healing the shame that binds you. DeerfieldBeach, Fl.: Health Communications.BROWN, Jonathon, and Margaret Marshall. 2001. Self-Esteem andEmotion: Some Thoughts about Feelings. Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin. 27, #5: 575-584.DURKHEIM, Emile. 1897. Suicide. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press (1951.EKMAN, Paul, (Ed.) 1998. The Expression of Emotion in Men andAnimals, by Charles Darwin. New York: Oxford University Press.JASPER, James. 2003. Types of Emotions. Emotions Section News. 18-1, 3, 10.KNOTTNERUS, J. David. 1997. "The Theory of Structural Ritualization."Pp. 257-279 in Advances in Group Processes, Volume 14, edited byBarry Markovsky, Michael J. Lovaglia and Lisa Troyer. Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.KONSTAN, David. Forthcoming. Shame in Ancient Greek.LAWRENCE, D. H. 1968. Phoenix : the posthumous papers of D. H.Lawrence. New York: Viking Press.OATLEY, Keith, and Jennifer Jenkins. 1995. Understanding Emotions.Oxford: Blackwell.QUINE, William J. 1979. "A Postscript on Metaphor." Pp. 159-64 in OnMetaphor, edited by Sheldon Sacks. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress.ROSS, Lee and Nisbett, Richard E. 1991. The Person and the Situation:Perspectives of social psychology. New York: McGraw-HillRETZINGER, Suzanne. 1991. Violent Emotions. Newbury Park: Sage.RETZINGER, Suzanne. 1995. Identifying Shame and Anger inDiscourse. American Behavioral Scientist 38: 541-559)SCHEFF, Thomas. 1997. Emotions and the Social Bond. Cambridge:Cambridge U. Press.SCHEFF, Thomas 2002. Review of Jack Katz, How Emotions Work.Theoretical Criminology. 6: #3.SCHEFF, Thomas 2003. Shame in Self and Society. SymbolicInteraction 26: #2, 239-262.SCHEFF, Thomas 2003.The Goffman Legacy:Deconstructing/Reconstructing Social Science. In Javier Trevino(Editor), Goffman’s Legacy. New York: Rowan and Littlefield.SCHEFF, Thomas Forthcoming. The Nature of Human Bonds.SCHEFF, Thomas, and David Fearon.2004. Cognition and Emotion? TheDead End in Self-Esteem Research. Journal of the Theory of SocialBehavior.127
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