IV1965); nombres <strong>de</strong> autores citados juntos <strong>de</strong>ben ser unidos por“e”, “y”, o “and” (nunca “&”) <strong>de</strong> acuerdo con el idioma <strong>de</strong>ltexto. Informaciones inéditas <strong>de</strong> terceros <strong>de</strong>ben ser reconocidas.Para citar la fuente, <strong>de</strong>ben colocarse las iniciales <strong>de</strong>l nombre y elapellido <strong>de</strong>l informante, seguidos por las abreviaturas a<strong>de</strong>cuadas<strong>de</strong> la forma <strong>de</strong> comunicación, y finalmente el año: (H. Sick com.per., 1989) o V. Loskot (in litt. 1990); observaciones inéditas<strong>de</strong> los autores pue<strong>de</strong>n ser indicadas por las abreviaturas: (obs.per.); cuando solamente uno <strong>de</strong> los autores, merece el créditopor la observación inédita o cualquier otro aspecto <strong>de</strong>scrito enel texto, <strong>de</strong>be ser indicado por las iniciales <strong>de</strong> su nombre: “... en1989 A. S. regreso a la región...”. Manuscritos no publicados (porej. relatorios técnicos, monografias <strong>de</strong> graduación) y resúmenes<strong>de</strong> congresos podrán ser citados sólo en casos excepcionales,cuando imprescindibles y no halla otra fuente <strong>de</strong> información.La lista <strong>de</strong> referencias al final <strong>de</strong>l texto, <strong>de</strong>berá relacionarúnicamente los trabajos citados, en or<strong>de</strong>n alfabético <strong>de</strong> losapellidos <strong>de</strong> los autores. Las citaciones sucesivas <strong>de</strong>ben sersubstituidas por un trazo horizontal seguidas por el año <strong>de</strong>publicación entre paréntesis, como en los ejemplos siguientes:Ihering, H. von e Ihering, R. von. (1907). As aves do Brazil.São Paulo: Museu Paulista (Catálogos da Fauna <strong>Brasileira</strong>v. 1). 74IUCN. (1987). A posição da IUCN sobre a migração <strong>de</strong>organismos vivos: introduções, reintroduções e reforços.http://iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy/in<strong>de</strong>x (acesso em25/08/2005).Novaes, F. C. (1970). Estudo ecológico das aves em uma área <strong>de</strong>vegetação secundária no Baixo Amazonas, Estado do Pará.Tese <strong>de</strong> doutorado. Rio Claro: Faculda<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Filosofia,Ciências e Letras <strong>de</strong> Rio Claro.Remsen, J. V. e Robinson, S. K. (1990). A classification schemefor foraging behavior of birds in terrestrial habitats,p. 144-160. Em: M. L. Morrison, C. J. Ralph, J. Verner eJ. R. Jehl Jr. (eds.). Avian foraging: theory, methodology,and applications. Lawrence: Cooper OrnithologicalSociety (Studies in Avian Biology 13).Ribeiro, A. <strong>de</strong> M. (1920a). A fauna vertebrada da ilha daTrinda<strong>de</strong>. Arq. Mus. Nac. 22:169-194.Ribeiro, A. <strong>de</strong> M. (1920b). Revisão dos psittací<strong>de</strong>os brasileiros.Rev. Mus. Paul. 12 (parte 2):1-82.Sick, H. (1985). <strong>Ornitologia</strong> brasileira, uma introdução, v. 1.Brasília: Editora Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Brasília.Notas <strong>de</strong> pie <strong>de</strong> página no se aceptarán; notas adicionalescuando sean absolutamente relevantes podrán ser incluidas<strong>de</strong>spués <strong>de</strong> las referencias, con numeración correspondiente alas respectivas llamadas en el texto, <strong>de</strong>bajo <strong>de</strong>l subtítulo notas.Ilustraciones y tablas. Las ilustraciones (fotografías,dibujos, gráficos y mapas) que serán llamados figuras, <strong>de</strong>beránser numeradas con guarismos arábigos en el or<strong>de</strong>n que soncitados y serán introducidos en el texto.Las tablas y las figuras recibirán enumeración in<strong>de</strong>pendientey <strong>de</strong>ben aparecer al final <strong>de</strong>l texto, así como todas las leyendas alas figuras, que se <strong>de</strong>ben presentar en hojas separadas.Las llamadas en el texto para figuras y tablas <strong>de</strong>ben seguirel mo<strong>de</strong>lo: “(Figura 2)” o “… en la figura 2”.Las tablas <strong>de</strong>ben ser encabezadas por un título completo,ser autos explicativas y no necesitar consultar el texto.Todas las leyendas <strong>de</strong> las figuras <strong>de</strong>ben ser reunidas en unahoja separada.Para trabajos en español, los autores <strong>de</strong>berán proveerversiones en inglés <strong>de</strong> las leyendas <strong>de</strong> las figuras y títulos <strong>de</strong>tablas.El texto <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> las figuras <strong>de</strong>be ser legible cuandoreducido por 60%.Las fotografías <strong>de</strong>ben estar en blanco y negro y presentarla claridad máxima.En caso <strong>de</strong> existir solamente las fotografias <strong>de</strong>l color, éstosse pue<strong>de</strong>n convertir a blanco y negro.Todas <strong>de</strong>ben ser digitalizadas en 300 dpi, con tamañomínimo <strong>de</strong> 12 x 18 centímetros, en escala <strong>de</strong> cinza, <strong>de</strong> 8 bits ygravadas en tif o en jpeg.En los dibujos, los gráficos y los mapas, las escalas <strong>de</strong>tamaños o las distancias <strong>de</strong>ben ser representadas por barras, nopor cocientes numéricos.Los dibujos y las letras <strong>de</strong>ben tener dimensiones <strong>de</strong>modo que sigan siendo legibles cuando estén reducidos parala publicación.Los dibujos, los gráficos y los mapas <strong>de</strong>ben ser enviar enlos archivos originales, en el programa don<strong>de</strong> han sido creados,a<strong>de</strong>más <strong>de</strong> aquellos en el texto. En caso <strong>de</strong> enviar archivepor correo electrónico con más <strong>de</strong> 2 MB, éstos <strong>de</strong>ben sercon<strong>de</strong>nsados. Si el trabajo es enviado en CD, no es necesariocomprimir el archivo.Todo el material <strong>de</strong>be ser enviar al redactor <strong>de</strong> la Revista<strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ornitologia</strong>:Prof. Dr. Luís Fábio SilveiraDepartamento <strong>de</strong> Zoologia, Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> São PauloCaixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05422-970São Paulo, SP, BrasilTel./Fax: (# 11) 3091-7575E-mail: lfsilvei@usp.brLa carta <strong>de</strong> presentación <strong>de</strong>l artículo <strong>de</strong>berá mencionarel título <strong>de</strong>l trabajo, nombre <strong>de</strong> los autores, dirección e e-mail <strong>de</strong> aquel con el cual el editor mantendrá contacto parasu colaboración. Un aviso <strong>de</strong> recibimiento <strong>de</strong> los originalesserá inmediatamente remitido al autor responsable por loscontactos con la revista. Una vez que el trabajo esté aceptado,un archivo en PDF <strong>de</strong>berá ser enviado por el e-mail a esteautor, para la revisión. La corrección <strong>de</strong> la versión finalenviada para publicación es <strong>de</strong> entera responsabilidad <strong>de</strong> losautores. El primer autor <strong>de</strong> cada trabajo recibirá, por correoelectrónico y sin ningún costo, una copia PDF <strong>de</strong> su trabajopublicado. A correção da versão final enviada para publicaçãoé <strong>de</strong> inteira responsabilida<strong>de</strong> dos autores. Los autores quedisponen <strong>de</strong> correo electrónico receberán, sin onus y por correoelectrónico, una copia en formato PDF <strong>de</strong>l trabajo publicado.Separatas po<strong>de</strong>rán ser adquiridas por el(los) autor(es) mediantepagamiento. Con dudas sobre las reglas, entre en contacto conel editor antes <strong>de</strong> la sumisión.Revista <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ornitologia</strong>
VINSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORSThe Revista <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ornitologia</strong> will accept originalcontributions related to any aspect of the biology of birds, withemphasis on the documentation, analysis and interpretation offield and laboratory studies, presentation of new methodologies,theories or reviews of i<strong>de</strong>as or previously known information.The Revista <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ornitologia</strong> is interested in publishingstudies of reproductive biology, geographic distribution,ecology, ethology, evolution, migration and orientation,morphology, paleontology, taxonomy and nomenclature.Regional studies are also acceptable, but not mere lists of theavifauna of a specific locality. Monographs may be consi<strong>de</strong>redfor publication.Manuscripts submitted to The Revista <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong><strong>Ornitologia</strong> must not have been published previously or beun<strong>de</strong>r consi<strong>de</strong>ration for publication, in whole or in part, inanother journal or book. Manuscripts may be written inPortuguese, Spanish or English and must be typed in MicrosoftWord, using Times New Roman 12, double spaced and leftjustified. Scientific names must be shown in italic, and authorsare encouraged to follow the systematic sequence of theBrazilian (http://www.cbro.org.br) or South American (http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline) bird lists,when pertinent.Submission:Originals must be submitted to the editor preferablyby email, recor<strong>de</strong>d in compact disc (CD, that will not bereturned), or by printed copies (in this in case, three copies ofthe complete manuscript must be sent).The title (in the same language as the text) must beconcise and clearly <strong>de</strong>fine the topic of the manuscript. Genericexpressions such as “contribution to the knowledge...” or“notes about...” must be avoi<strong>de</strong>d. The name of each authormust be written fully, followed by the full mailing address,and author for communication in the case of multipleauthors.Abstract and Resumo (= Portuguese abstract) must statethe objective and the results of the study, and not only mentionthe topics discussed. They must be placed below the author(s)name(s), as follows:• Portuguese: abstract in English with title and with keywords;resumo in Portuguese without title and withpalavras-chave (= key-words in Portuguese);• English: resumo in Portuguese with title and palavraschave;abstract in English without title and with key-words;• Spanish: resumo in Portuguese with title and palavraschave;abstract in English with title and key-words.For short notes, only an abstract must be inclu<strong>de</strong>d (for aPortuguese manuscript) or a resumo (manuscripts in English orSpanish), followed by palavras-chave and key-words.The text must provi<strong>de</strong> a brief introduction, <strong>de</strong>scription ofmethods and of the study area, presentation and discussion ofthe results, acknowledgments and references. Conclusions maybe provi<strong>de</strong>d after the discussion or within it. The parts of themanuscript must be organized as follows:• Title (of the manuscript, with names and addresses of allthe authors)• Resumo / Abstract / Key-words• Introduction (starting on a new page)• Methods (this and subsequent parts continue withoutpage breaks)• Results (only the results, succinctly)• Discussion• Acknowledgments• References• Tables• Figure Legends• FiguresEach Table should be on a separate page, numberedin Arabic numerals, with its own legend. The legend shouldbe part of the table, and occupy the space ma<strong>de</strong> by insertingan extra line at the beginning of the table, in which the cellsare merged. Figure legends occupying one or more pagesfollowing the tables, should be numbered successively, also inArabic numerals. Figures will follow, one to each page, andclearly numbered in agreement with the legends.As necessary, subsections may be i<strong>de</strong>ntified and labeled assuch. All pages should be numbered in the upper, right handcomer.The following abbreviations should be used: h (hour),min (minute), s (second), km (kilometer), m (meter), cm(centimeter), mm (millimeter), ha (hectare), kg (kilogram), g(gram), mg (miligram), all of them in non capitals and with no“periods” (“.”). Use the following statistical notations: P, n, t, r,F, G, U, x 2 , df (<strong>de</strong>grees of freedom), ns (non significant), CV(coefficient of variation), SD (standard <strong>de</strong>viation), SE (standar<strong>de</strong>rror). With the exception of temperature and percentagesymbols (e.g., 15°C, 45%), leave a space between the numberand the unit or symbol (e.g., n = 12, P < 0,05, 25 min). Latinwords or expressions should be written in italics (e.g., et al., invitro, in vivo, sensu). Numbers one to nine should be writtenout unless a measurement (e.g., four birds, 6 mm, 2 min); from10 onwards use numbers.Author citations in the text must follow the pattern:(Pinto 1964) or Pinto (1964); two publications of the sameauthor must be cited as (Sick 1985, 1993) or (Ribeiro 1920a,b); several authors must be presented in chronological or<strong>de</strong>r:(Pinto 1938, Aguirre 1976b); for two-author publications bothauthors must be cited: (Ihering and Ihering 1907), but for morethan two authors, only the first one should be cited: (Schubartet al. 1965); authors’ names cited together are linked by “e”,“y” or “and” (never “&”), in accordance with the text language.Unpublished information by third parties must be creditedto the source by citing the initials and the last name of theinformer followed by the appropriate abbreviation of the formof communication, followed by the date: (H. Sick pers. comm.,1989) or V. Loskot (in litt. 1990); unpublished observations byRevista <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ornitologia</strong>