Documentos IAC 103 - Governo do Estado de São Paulo

a distribuição para domínio público das primeiras variedades de sigla IAC. Ressalta-se a importânciada variedade IAC 36-25, a mais cultivada para fins forrageiros. No entanto, com a criação de doisnovos programas de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar – Copersucar e Planalsucar – os recursosoficiais para pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo passaram a ser destinados a outras culturas maiscarentes, refletindo negativamente na continuidade e no desenvolvimento dos projetos na SCA/IAC até a década de 1990.Palavras-chave: Cana-de-açúcar, variedades, introduções de cana, germoplasma,hibridações.ABSTRACTThe Instituto Agronômico (IAC) and historical survey of the institutionaltrajectory for sugarcane culture development until the late twentieth centuryThis work is a historical survey of institutional documents filed in the IAC, Office of PlantIntroduction, Library, Experimental Station of Piracicaba and Section of Sugarcane. This articlealso aims to cover the trajectory of sugarcane before and after arriving in Brazil and the contributionof IAC in the development of agro-industry (sugar and alcohol), since its foundation until the latetwentieth century. At the time of IAC founding, a fact that drew attention was that sugarcanecultivation had already gained an important place among the most widely cultivated plants in theSão Paulo State and demanded other major studies. The mosaic virus arrival in the 1920s withdirect damage to sugar production promoted a drastic change by replacing the commercialcultivation of noble and traditional varieties by the early hybrids imported from Java.The sugarcaneintroductions recorded at the Instituto Agronômico in this period reached 57, coming from severalbreeding programs around the world, and the countries which have contributed most were: USA(Canal Point, Hawaii and Puerto Rico), Indonesia, India, Argentina, French and English Guiana,Barbados, Jamaica, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Australia and South Africa, totaling 823 newmaterials of acronyms POJ, Co, CP, H, PR, TUC, NA, F, Q, NCo. All these facts were veryimportant to maintain the commercial cultivation and to estabilish a germplasm collection, thatallowed the first sugarcane hybridizations in the São Paulo State. The appointment of JoséManoel Aguirre, in 1930, to organize and coordinate the Program for Sugarcane Improvement,was fundamental to develop the first hybrids in 1934, at Miracatu location, Southern coast of SãoPaulo State. However, upon the foundation of Sugarcane Section (SCA) and the nomination ofAguirre to lead both the Experimental Sugarcane Station of Piracicaba and SCA in 1935, indetriment of the breeding sugarcane program, the hybridizations stagnated until 1947. With thereturn of Aguirre to the coordination of the IAC sugarcane breeding program, the InstitutoAgronômico was able to start the distribution of the first varieties acronym IAC,in the late 1940s,distribution to the public domain, , and IAC 36-25 was one of the most widely cultivated forforage. Later, with the establishment of two new programs for sugarcane breeding, namelyCopersucar and Planalsucar, the public resources for research in the São Paulo State wereintended for other cultures, reflecting negatively on the continuity and development of projects inthe SCA / IAC until 1990s.Key words: sugarcane, varieties, introductions, cane germplasm and crosses.2Documentos, IAC, Campinas, 103, 2011